MBIO 2370 Lecture Notes - Lecture 14: Acetyl-Coa, Carboxylation, Biotin
21 Mar 2017
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Document Summary
Fatty acids (38 kj/g) are more efficient energy storage form than carbohydrates. Carboxylase activity: co2 is added to the biotin with biotin carboxylase, the co2 is then transferred from the biotin to the acetyl coa using acetyl coa carboxylase (transcarboxylase), producing malonyl coa. Acyl-carrier protein: an unusual protein required for fatty acid biosynthesis: the active part of the enzyme is -sh and this forms the thiol esters with fatty acid molecules (fatty acyl-acp or acp-sh) In bacteria, it is a 10kda protein with a 4-phosphopantetheine chain attached to a specific serine: the 4-phosphoantetheine chain is also a component of coash. In eukaryotic enzymes, the 4-phosphoantetheine chain is attached to the larger protein. It is best viewed as a flexible arm that carries the growing fatty acid chain from enzyme to enzyme (bacteria) or active site to active site (eukaryotes: draw, attaches the acyl carrier protein (acp) to the first accoa.
