MBIO 2370 Lecture Notes - Lecture 16: Clostridium, Glutamate Dehydrogenase, Bond Energy
28 Mar 2017
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Document Summary
Nitrogen exists in nature in some form at every oxidation state from +5 to -3 (nitrate to ammonia) which makes it a very versatile compound. Denitrification - anaerobic use no3- as a terminal acceptor o. Creates a transmembrane gradient to make atp like in the etc. Nitrogen fixation - is the most important on a global scale because it is the main source of reduced nitrogen (nh3 or nh4+: the n2 has a triple bond and is very stable o. Nitrification - conversion of nh3 (nh4) into nitrite and nitrate by bacteria. Nitrate reduction - conversion of no3- to nh4, a useable form for plants. Excess nh3 is excreted into the soil from organisms where bacteria re-oxidize it: nitrosomonas - nh3 + o2 --> no2, nitrobacter - no2- + o2 --> no3, nh3 is used for energy. Nitrate reduction: no3- is the most abundant form of n in the soil. No3- is converted back to nh3 by reductases (nitrate reduction)
