MBIO 3410 Lecture Notes - Lecture 5: Human Genome, Intron, Chloroplast
24 Dec 2015
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Document Summary
Most genes required for organeller function are encoded in the nuclear genome. Note: some eukaryotes do not have traditional mitochondria: most likely lost them due to adaptation to anaerobic environments. Circular chromosomes in mitochondria and chloroplasts: some variation, e. g. fungi, algae, and protozoans may have linear mtdnas, linear concatamers, linear fragmented, and multiple circles. Pangenomic transcription: one transcript per strand, processing at trnas. D-loop (origin of replication orih: origin for light strand outside of d-loop (oril) (cid:1) (cid:1) Oril starts replication once h strand replication has passed by: h strand = outer strand, l strand = inner strand. Size difference due to at rich spacers and introns : not spliceosomal introns as found in nuclear genomes. Group i and group ii introns: self-splicing introns, rare among metazoans not found in chordates. Single mitochondria: kinetoplast (kdna, complex genome. Mitochondria contain a dense dna granule (kdna: a network of concatenated circular dna molecules. Contain maxi circles that code for genes.
