ARCH 112 Lecture Notes - Lecture 33: Native American Graves Protection And Repatriation Act, Hip Bone, Paleo-Indians
27 Jun 2018
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Department
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Professor
The Peopling of the Americas cont'd
Evidence that demonstrates the relationship between Asian and
Indigenous North and South American populations includes
Physical Characteristics (example dental morphology)
○
DNA evidence - mitochondrial DNA and comparison of Y-
chromosomes of living
northeast Asian and New World populations show a shared
genetic inheritance
Mitochondrial-DNA passed through the mother and Y-
chromosome is through the male lineage
§
Haplogroups (A, B, C, D, X)--group that share DNA
variations that happen together (all five happen in all
Asians by Lake Baikul)--scientist recognized that NE
Asian and … separated around 25,000 ya
§
Chp. 7 (pg. 243) Settlement of American Summary****
§
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The Anzick Site***, Montana
Clovis burial that dates about 13,000 years ago. DNA
recovered from the skeletal remains confirms relationship
between Clovis and Northeast Asian populations
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Only burial of Clovis individual with artifacts and red
ochre--child (18 months old)
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Found 1960s
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80% of days Indigenous populations are directly related
to this boy--other 20% …
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The Clovis population originated in NE Asia
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•
To understand the timing of the arrival of the first people we must
be able to answer the following three questions. (These are
presented in the Feder text, Chapter 7: pg. 228)
When was Beringia exposed and open for travel? 35,000 -
11,000 ya
1)
When was eastern Siberia first inhabited?
Discussion of Late Pleistocene Sites in East Asia
including:
SK (Sopochnaya Karya) Mammoth Site - 45,000
years ago--found mammoth--(earliest site in the
Russian Arctic)
□
Mamontovaya Kurya, Russia - 40,000 years ago--
butchered animals found
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Yana RHS (rhino horn site) , Siberia - 32,000 years
ago--more recent (earliest occupation of Eastern …)
□
Understand the different timing
□
§
2)
What is the age of the earliest New World sites?
Early North American sites include:
Monte Verde****□
Swan Point, Alaska: 14,000 years ago
□
Bluefish Caves, Yukon: 15,000 to 12,000 years
ago--mammoths, extinct horses, bison, caribou,
stone tools (blade tools)
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Debra L. Friedkin, Texas: 15,500 years ago--
radiocarbon dates the present of humans
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Cactus Hill, Virginia: 15,000 years ago--
radiocarbon dates the present of humans
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Paisley 5 Mile Point Caves, Oregon: 14,300 years
ago--coprolite (human--fossilized feces)
□
§
Discussion of Early Skeletal Remains
The oldest skeletal remains in the New World (the
Americas) date to about 13,600 years Kennewick
Man - 9,000 year old skeletal remains from
Washington State
Not typical to those of todays indigenous
peoples--found a projectile point embedded in
the hip bone (started to grow around the
point)
®
Shape of skull and cheek bones were very
different
®
NAGPRA (Native American Grave …)
®
Diet of marine mammals and drank water
from the north
®
Very closely related to modern day
indigenous of people in that area
®
□
Some in Mexico, Yucatan--13,600
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Clovis--not the first occupation of the Americas-
first widespread technology spreading across the
Americas (the tools NE Asia are different from
those in America)
□
Clovis--mammoths hunters--blade was flute-like (3rd of
the way up)
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Folsom people hunting extinct forms of giant
bison--11,000 -10,000 ya
The flute was the whole way up the blade--
shorter and broader blades
®
□
Other Paleo-indian points (the different blades--
evolution)
□
§
3)
•
Origin of Agriculture…
-
The Peopling of the Americas cont'd
Friday, October 20, 2017
11:21 AM
Document Summary
Evidence that demonstrates the relationship between asian and. Dna evidence - mitochondrial dna and comparison of y- chromosomes of living northeast asian and new world populations show a shared genetic inheritance. Mitochondrial-dna passed through the mother and y- chromosome is through the male lineage. Haplogroups (a, b, c, d, x)--group that share dna variations that happen together (all five happen in all. Clovis burial that dates about 13,000 years ago. Dna recovered from the skeletal remains confirms relationship between clovis and northeast asian populations. Only burial of clovis individual with artifacts and red ochre--child (18 months old) 80% of days indigenous populations are directly related to this boy--other 20% . To understand the timing of the arrival of the first people we must be able to answer the following three questions. (these are presented in the feder text, chapter 7: pg. Discussion of late pleistocene sites in east asia including:
