BIOL 120 Lecture Notes - Lecture 5: Metaphase, Karyotype, Centriole

21 views3 pages

copperhare184

19 May 2016

School

Department

Course

Professor

For unlimited access to Class Notes, a Class+ subscription is required.

Document Summary

Cell cycle: series of cellular events leading to division and duplication (replication). How many mg of dna g1, how much is in dna g2. Mitosis: divides replicated dna equally and precisely in somatic cells. Required for sexual reproduction in eukaryotes, such as animals, plants, and fungi. The number of sets of chromosomes is reduced to half the original number. Typically from two sets (diploid) to one set (haploid). Cytokinesis: is the process in which the cytoplasm of a single eukaryotic cell is divided to form two daughter cells. Usually initiates during the late stages of mitosis, splitting a mitotic cell in two. Ploidy: the number of sets of chromosomes in the nucleus of a cell. Haploid number: the number of chromosomes in a gamete. Diploid zygote: is two two gametes with twice this number (2n) Karyotype: the number and appeatance of chromosomes in the nucleus of eukaryotic cell.

Related Questions

Suppose that a cell in G1 contains 10 picograms (pg) of DNA. How many picograms would you expect to find in this same cell during G2?

Note that a picogram (pg) is a measured quantity/mass. Think about how the amount of DNA changes as the cell progresses from G1 to G2.

Suppose that a single somatic cell undergoes mitosis and cytokinesis. If you compared the original parent cell in G1 with the daughter cells that are produced, which of the following statements would be true?

_____________________

The daughter cells have the same number of chromosomes and half the amount of DNA.

The daughter cells have half the amount of cytoplasm and half the amount of DNA.

The daughter cells have half the number of chromosomes and half the amount of DNA.

The daughter cells have the same number of chromosomes and the same amount of DNA.

The daughter cells have the same number of chromosomes and twice the amount of DNA.

M2A1 Worksheet: Mitosis and Meiosis

A dog is a diploid organisms and has 39 pairs of chromosomes (2n = 78), where n = 39 chromosomes from each parent. Use this example to answer the following question regarding chromosomal number.

INTERPHASE

How many chromosomes are present in the somatic cell?

What do they look like?

What are they âdoingâ in G1 of this phase?

What is happening in the S phase?

What is happening in the G2 phase?

What follows G2 phase in a somatic cell?

What follows G2 phase in a gamete cell?

MITOSIS

Number of chromosomes in the parent cell.

Number of chromatids in the parent cell.

Number of chromosomes in the daughter cell.

Number of chromatids in the daughter cell.

How many daughter cells are produced?

Are the daughter cells haploid or diploid?

How many cell divisions take place?

In what type of cell does this division occur?

Meiosis 1:

Number of chromosomes in the parent cell.

Number of chromatids in the parent cell.

Number of chromosomes in each Meiosis I daughter cell.

Number of chromatids in each Meiosis I daughter cell.

Are the daughter cells haploid or diploid at the end of Meiosis 1?

Meiosis II:

Number of chromosomes in the âparentâ cell (which is a daughter cell from Meiosis I).

Number of chromatids in the âparentâ cell.

Number of chromosomes in each Meiosis II daughter cell.

Number of chromatids in each Meiosis II daughter cell.

Are the daughter cells haploid or diploid at the end of Meiosis II?

Which phase or phases of Meiosis account for the genetic variability among the daughter cells? Howâ¦ what happens in this phase to create the diversity?

Comparing Mitosis and Meiosisâ¦..

How many daughter cells result from Mitosis? Are they diploid or haploid?

How many daughter cells result from Meiosis? Are they diploid or Haploid?

Cell structures and function: Match each organelle to its function:

Organelle Function

Lysosome 1. Lipid synthesis

Rough ER 2. Houses DNA

Nucleus 3. Energy extraction

Smooth ER 4. Dismantles debris

Golgi apparatus 5. detoxification

Mitochondria 6. Protein synthesis

Peroxisome 7. Processes secretions

What is the function of checkpoint proteins in the cell cycle?

How can all of a personâs cells contain exactly the same genetic material, yet specialize as bone cells, nerve cells, muscle cells and connective tissues?

What are the 3 primary germ layers?

Briefly, in one or two sentences, distinguish between

a bacterial cell and a eukaryotic cell

interphase and mitosis

mitosis and apoptosis

an autosome and a sex chromosome

homologous pair of chromosomes and a sister chromatid

centromere and centriole

chromosome and chromatid

monozygotic and dizygotic twins

allele and gene

Part A:

In prokaryotes and eukaryotes cell reproduction is similar in that it requires some kind of signal to proceed, DNA replication, careful separation of the DNA into two equal portions, and division of the cytoplasm. How is cell reproduction different in prokaryotes and eukaryotes?

Select one:

a. In a eukaryotic organism, the signals for cell division are usually not related to the environment but to the function of the entire organism.

b. Eukaryotic cells constantly divide whenever environmental conditions are adequate and the cells are large enough.

c. The linear chromosomes in prokaryotes are constantly being updated.

d. Prokaryotic cell division requires cytokinesis before mitosis because of their small size.

e. The sexual phase of most prokaryotes (bacteria) is essential to the rapid cell division required for infection.

Part B:

What does the name Cyclin Dependent Kinase stand for?

Select one:

a. A protein important to the cell cycle that is dependent on DNA synthesis.

b. An enzyme that cuts DNA so that chromosomes can segregate.

c. An enzyme that phosphorylates other proteins using ATP only when the protein Cyclin is bound to the enzyme.

d. An enzyme that rolls along microtubules dragging a vesicle.

e. An enzyme that connects chromosomes to the spindle fiber.

Part C:

The Cell Cycle is divided into Mitosis, Cytokinesis, and Interphase. Mitosis can be ordered into the following phases:

Select one:

a. Prophase/Prometaphase/Metaphase/Anaphase/Telophase

b. Anaphase/Prometaphase/Metaphase/Prophase/Telophase

c. Metaphase/Anaphase/Telophase/Prophase/Prometaphase

d. Telophase/Prophase/Prometaphase/Metaphase/Anaphase

e. Anaphase/Telophase/Prophase/Prometaphase/Metaphase

Part D:

The Cell Cycle is divided into Mitosis, Cytokinesis, and Interphase. Interphase can be ordered into the following phases:

Select one:

a. S/G1/G2

b. G2/G1/S

c. G1/S/G2

d. G2/S/G1

e. G1/G2/S

amethystyak657

BIOL 120 Lecture Notes - Lecture 5: Metaphase, Karyotype, Centriole

Document Summary

Get access

Related Documents

BIOL 120 Chapter Notes - Chapter 8: Nuclear Dna, Microtubule Organizing Center, Cell Division

BIOL 120 Lecture Notes - Lecture 1: Endoplasmic Reticulum, Chromosome Segregation, Peripheral Membrane Protein

BIOL 120 Lecture Notes - Lecture 3: Sister Chromatids, Spindle Apparatus, Chromosome Segregation

Related Questions