MCIM 321 Lecture Notes - Lecture 3: Interferon, Gram-Negative Bacteria, Opsonin

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It is a matter of common experience that abrasions often fail to develop the chronic inflammatory signs of an infected wound, as is evident to most gardeners. This happens despite the expectation that the abrasion would provide all that is required for bacterial growth. The lack of growth is due to innate defense mechanisms, some of which will be described in this lecture. When this first defensive barrier is broken, bacteria grow and induce an immune response. This immune response allows the infection to be cleared in most cases, with the consequent generation of immunological memory. A secondary response is induced upon reinfection with the same pathogen, usually resulting in effective protection. It is important to distinguish between immune and non-immune defense mechanisms. Non-immune defense mechanisms are usually relatively non-inducible, i. e. usually pre-exist the infection, or are induced within hours, and can therefore act quickly (within 24-

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