TOX 300 Lecture Notes - Lecture 6: Xenobiotic, Glucuronidation, Biotransformation
Document Summary
Organism gets exposed to xenobiotics present in the environment. If it does undergo biotransformation, it will undergo phase 1 phase 2. Excretion: example of super hydrophobic compounds are organochlorides. * lide (cid:862)biotra(cid:374)sfor(cid:373)atio(cid:374): vs (cid:863) shows the different biotransformation pathways a xenobiotic can undergo and whether the product will be excreted or have toxic effects. O(cid:373)eti(cid:373)es the foreig(cid:374) (cid:272)o(cid:373)pou(cid:374)d is a to(cid:454)i(cid:272) (cid:272)he(cid:373)i(cid:272)al a(cid:374)d it does(cid:374)"t (cid:374)eed to (cid:271)e metabolized by the body to be considered toxic. Enzyme induction and inhibition can be induced or inhibited upon exposure to xenobiotics. Alcohol dehydrogenase in humans - ~30% of asians. Diet (nutritional factors: compounds in food may have an effect on enzyme activity, e. g. grapefruit juice on cyp3a4. Disease (underlying pathology: e. g. liver disease less ability to biotransform xenobiotics. = the enzymes affinity for their substrate: km, vmax = how fast an enzyme can produce products. Renal excretion is the most important xenobiotic elimination pathway in vertebrate animals.
