AFM291 Lecture Notes - Lecture 11: Sharpe Ratio, Weighted Arithmetic Mean, Capital Market

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blueporpoise731

11 Sep 2017

School

University of Waterloo

Department

Accounting & Financial Management

Course

AFM291

Professor

Mindy Wolfe

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Document Summary

Chapter 11: optimal portfolio choice and the capital asset pricing model. The fraction of the total investment in the portfolio in each individual investment in the portfolio. Amount of risk that is eliminated in a portfolio depends on the degree to which the stocks face common risks and their prices move together. Expected product of the deviations of two returns from their means. When estimating covariance from historical data, use: Covariance of the returns divided by the standard deviation of the return. Correlation is always between -1 and +1. When correlation equals 0, the returns are uncorrelated. We say a portfolio is an inefficient portfolio whenever it is possible to find another portfolio that is better in terms of both expected return and volatility. While inefficient portfolios can be ruled out as inferior investment choices, the efficient ones cannot be easily ranked. Investors will choose among them based on their own preference for returns versus risk: effect of correlation.

Related Questions

1. The diversification effect of a portfolio of two stocks: . A. increases as the correlation between the stocks declines. B. increases as the correlation between the stocks rises. C. decreases as the correlation between the stocks rises. D. Both A and C. E. None of the above. 2. Irene Adler is considering investing in the common stock of Holmes and Watson. The following data are available for the two securities. . ................... Expected Return ..... Standard Deviation Holmes .............. 0.12 ......................... 0.08 Watson ............. 0.19 .......................... 0.25 . If she invests 60% of her funds Holmes and 40% in Watson, and if the correlation of returns between these two securities is 0.45, what is the portfolioâs expected return and standard deviation? . A. 14.8% and 12.89% B. 13.6% and 11.03% C. 14.6% and 13.94% D. 14.4% and 11.03% E. 13.21% and 10.08% 3. What does a security bring to the risk of a well diversified portfolio? . A. It brings its standard deviation of possible returns. B. It brings its covariance with the other securities in the portfolio. C. It brings its total risk. D. It brings its unsystematic risk. 4. Diversification can effectively reduce risk. Once a portfolio is diversified, the type of risk remaining is: . A. individual security risk. B. riskless security risk. C. unsystematic risk D. systematic risk 5. Efficient portfolios are those, which offer: . A. Highest expected return for a given level of risk B. Highest risk for a given level of expected return C. The maximum risk and expected return D. All of the above

1. If we are able to eliminate all of the unsystematic or diversifiable risk in a portfolio then, what is the result?

a.

a risk-free portfolio
b.
a portfolio that has an expected return of zero
c.

a portfolio that contains only systematic risk

2. A portfolio consists 20% of a risk-free asset and 80% of a stock. The risk-free return is 4%. The stock has an expected return of 15% and a standard deviation of 30%. Whatâs the expected return of the portfolio?

a.
9.5%
b.
15.0%
c.
12.8%

d.
2%

3. The risk-free rate is 5% and the expected return on the market portfolio is 13%. A stock has a beta of 1.5, what is its expected return?

a.
12%
b.
19.5%
c.

17%

4. For what value of the correlation coefficient for the returns of a pair of stocks will the benefits of diversification the largest?

a.

1.0
b.

-1.0
c.

0.0
d.

0.5

5. Which of the following is an example of systematic risk?
a.
IBM posts lower than expected earnings.
b.
The overall stock market becomes more risky due to super fasting trading algorithms.
c.

Intel announces record earnings.

6. According to the CAPM (capital asset pricing model), the security market line is a straight line. The intercept of this line should be equal to

a.
zero
b.
the expected risk premium on the market portfolio
c.
the expected return on the market portfolio
d.
the risk-free rate

7. A portfolio has 40% invested in Asset 1, 50% invested in Asset 2 and 10% invested in Asset 3. Asset 1 has a beta of 1.2, Asset 2 has a beta of 0.8 and Asset 3 has a beta of 1.8, whatâs the beta of the portfolio?

a.
0.80
b.
1.06
c.
1.27

8. Suppose you can borrow and lend at the risk free-rate of 3%. Which of the following four risky portfolios has the best return relative to risk. (Hint: Calculate Sharpe Ratios the ratio of risk premium to standard deviation for each portfolio)

a.
portfolio with a standard deviation of 15% and an expected return of 12%
b.
portfolio with a standard deviation of 12% and an expected return of 9%
c.
portfolio with a standard deviation of 25% and an expected return of 18%
d.
portfolio with a standard deviation of 19% and an expected return of 15%

9. Which statements are TRUE regarding risk and return?

Statement I:
Diversification is the process of removing systematic risk from a portfolio.
Statement II:
In general, the greater the risk, the greater the return required by an investor.
Statement III:
Investors should focus on real returns if they are concerned about the purchasing power of their wealth.

a.
Statements II and III only
b.
Statement I only
c.
Statements I and III only
d.
Statements I and II only

10. The beta of the risk-free asset is:
a.

1.0
b.

0.5
c.

0.0
d.

-1.0

Calculating the market risk premium beta and required rate of return. CAPM. Portfolio Risk & Return.

We have a portfolio of three positively correlated but not perfectly correlated stocks.

(Correlation co-efficient between 0-1)

Stock Expected Rate of Return Standard Deviation Beta

X 10% 16% .75

Y 12% 16% 1.25

Z 13% 16% 1.50

What is the market risk premium for the portfolio ?

Required Rate of Return For the Stock = Risk Free rate of Return +

+ ( Market Risk Premium * Beta of stock )

Market Risk Premium = Market Required Rate of Return â Risk Free rate of Return

The returns on stocks X, Y and Z and their beta have been provided. Using the information provided, we will first calculate the market risk premium.

The capital asset pricing model is a model based on the proposition that any stock's required rate of return is equal to the risk free rate of return plus a risk premium that reflects only the risk remaining after diversification.

The required rate of return for a stock is calculated by adding the risk free rate of return to the product of the market risk premium and the stock's beta.

The market risk premium shows the premium that investors require for bearing the risk of average stock and is calculated by deducting the risk free rate from the market's required rate of return.

Now, using stock X or any other stock, we can calculate the market risk premium. We'll use stock X. The expected return on this stock is 10%. The risk free rate is 7& and the stock's beta is .75.

By solving the equation we determine the market risk premium to be 4%.

Next, we will calculate the beta of Fund Q.

Fund Q has 1/3 of its funds invested in each of the three stocks X, Y, and Z.

Thus, the beta of Fund Q will be the sum of one third of the beta of each stock. One third of .75 is .25. One third of 1.25 is .4167 and one third of 1.5 is .5. By adding .25, .4167 and .5, we calculate the beta of Fund Q as 1.1667.

Letâs now calculate the required return of Fund Q. The risk free rate is 7%. The market risk premium is calculated to be 4%. The beta of Fund Q is 1.1667. By adding 7% to the product of 4% and 1.1667, we determine the required return on Fund Q to be 11.67%.

Since the returns on the three stocks included in Fund Q are not positively correlated, the standard deviation of the fund will be less than 16%.

AFM291 Lecture Notes - Lecture 11: Sharpe Ratio, Weighted Arithmetic Mean, Capital Market

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