AFM273 Lecture Notes - Lecture 1: Arbitrage, Net Present Value

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coffeezebra978

17 Feb 2015

School

University of Waterloo

Department

Accounting & Financial Management

Course

AFM273

Professor

Garvin Blair

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Document Summary

Identify and quantify costs and benefits need help from other areas such as marketing, economics, organizational behaviour, strategy, and operations. The value of an asset to the firm or investors is determined by market price. Benefits and costs of a decision should be evaluated using market prices. When value of benefits is greater than costs, decision will increase the market value of the firm. When competitive prices are not available, prices are one sided i. e. at retail stores can buy at posted price, but cannot sell the good to the store at same price. One side prices determine max value of a good, but individual value it less depending on preference for the good. Difference in value between money today and money in future is due to time value of money. Rate at which we exchange money today for money in future is determined by current interest rate.

Related Questions

A small US exporting firm seeks your advice in managing the exchange rste exposure on its foreign currency transsctions.They have just signed a contract in which they are selling a good to an Australian buyer.Invthe deal, they are to ship the goods today and a payment of AUD 2.5million will be received in 90days.The current market information is as follows:

Exchange Market Euro market Rates (annualised):

spot (USD/AUD) 0.8575 90 day AUD interest rates 5.450/5.850

Forward (USD/

AUD) 0.8536 f90days day USD interest rates 3.600/4.000 The market is ofering 90 day option on AUD against the UDS with strike price of USD 0.8000/AUD. The premia on these opyions are USD 0.0257 per AUD for a put and USD 0.0795 per AUD for a call.

a)Aescribe the forward contract you enter i to as a hedge of this exposure.Determine 7tge USD value of total cash flows the US firm will received at settlement.

and yhe US firmB)Describe the money mar3ket hedge for this situation.Determine the USD value of total cash flows the US firm will receive today if the firms cost of borrowing and lending is euro market rates for each currency.

c) Describe the simple(single) option contract you would enter into as a hedge of this exposure.Determine,in future value terms,the USD value of total cash flows the US firm would end up receiving at settlement in tge that they had to exercise the option.Assume its opportunity costs of funds are the euromarket rares in sach currency,respectivelyt rates 3.600/4.000

ceruleangoose104

Hello, I am having some trouble with my Finance homework. I was wondering if someone could check the answers for me. (explanations are very helpful, but not necesary)

1) How much money will Jane Mims have in three years if the money compounds at an annual rate of 10% and she sets aside $1000

A) $1300

B)$1331

C) $1406

D) $1420

E) None of the Above

2) As the interest rate used to discount future cash flows is decreased, present value of the future cash inflows....

A) Increases

B) Decreases

C) Stays the Same

3) The ratio which many observers use to quantify the stock market's opinion of a firm is the....

A) ROE

B) EPS

C) D/E

D) P/E

E) None of the above

4) Compound rates, not discount rates, are used in an attempt to....

A) Screen out weak investments

B) quantify the firm's opportunity costs

C) Quantify the Firm's risk

D) A & B

E) None of the above

5) If Carla Rice puts $200 in the bank for nine years, and the money compounds at 7% annually, how much will Carla have at the end of the nine year period?

A) $362

B) $368

C) $374

D) $381

E) None of the Above

6) Adrian Ardell is saving for a new guitar. How much must Adrian set aside now to receive $4000, seven years from nowusing a compound interest rate of 7% annually?

A) $2400

B) $2491

C) $2411

D) $2500

E) None of the Above

7) Which of the following would be included among the investment numbers of a capital budget?

A) Purchase price of the asset

B) Trade - In - Value of an asset being replaced

C) Investment tax credit from acquistion

D) Installation costs of the Machinery

E) All of the above

8) Synergy between two companies

A) Is the complementary situation where value is created in the joining of the firms

B) May result in the improvement of the acquire's bottom line

C)Could be defined by purely qualitative benefits

D) A & C

E) A, B, & C

9) Gadsen acquires Digital corporation which is upstream in the marketing chain. This is an example of....

A) Diversification

B) Vertical Integration

C) Horizontal Integration

D) None of the Above

10) The cost of capital can be defined as

A) the weighted average cost of attracting investors to the firm

B) The price of obtaining funding for the firm, weighted according to target ratios in the capital structure

C) Less than the weighted average return that investors in the firm require

D) A & B

E) A, B,& C

Amongst corporations, sole proprietorships and partnerships, approximately what percentage of revenues are generated by corporations?

50%

42%

33%

82%

Question 2

What should be the financial goal of any firm?

attracting and acquiring capital and investing it

maximization of the ownersâ wealth

offering quality products at fair prices

quality customer service

Question 3
4 pts
Which of the following statement(s) is \ are true regarding the corporate management team?

In a corporation, ownership and direct control are typically separate.

Board of Directors is elected by shareholders and has ultimate decision-making authority

The Chief Executive Officer (CEO) â the Board typically delegates day-to-day decision making to the CEO.

All of the above

Question 4
4 pts
When calculating the present value of either a future single sum or a future annuity, it involves a process called discounting. The applicable interest rate to perform the discounting function is usually called the

yield to maturity

compound interest rate

discount rate

none of the above

Question 5
4 pts
_________________ are used to present additional information about items included in the financial statements and to present additional financial information.

stock certificates

Notes to financial statements

Preferred stocks

Convertible securities
Question 6
4 pts
What should be the financial goal of any firm?

maximization of the ownersâ wealth

attracting and acquiring capital and investing it

offering quality products at fair prices

quality customer service

Question 7
4 pts
A competitive market is one in which a _____ numbers of producers compete with each other to satisfy the wants and needs of a _____ number of consumers.

Large, small

Small, small

Large, large

Small, large

Question 8
4 pts
The Valuation Principle is an analysis between the value of the ______ of a financial alternative and the value of its ______.

revenues, income

benefits, costs

expenses, costs

Question 9
4 pts
The Net Present Value rule implies that we should compare a projectâs net present value (NPV) to___________. (zero \ future value \ the past).

Zero

Future Value

The Past

An Estimate

Question 10
4 pts
The internal rate of return (IRR) rule will _______ agree with the Net Present Value rule on a given investment project.

always

never

sometimes

none of the above

Question 11
5 pts
The law of one price exists due to arbitrage opportunities. If the price of a security, commodity or asset is different in two different markets, then an arbitrageur will ______ the asset in the more expensive market and ________ it where prices are lower.

sell, purchase

purchase, sell

purchase, purchase

sell, sell

Question 12
5 pts
Approaching every problem using a timeline is a(n) ________ idea because timelines identify events in a transaction or investment which might otherwise be easily overlooked.

good

bad

indifferent

unrealistic

Question 13
5 pts
The present value (PV) of a stream of cash flows is the _______ the present values of each individual cash flow

difference between

product of

sum of

same as

Question 14
5 pts
As the number of periods increases, present value (increases\decreases\stays the same).

increases

decreases

stays the same

is unrelated

Question 15
5 pts
When a constant cash flow will occur at regular intervals for a finite number of periods of time, it is called a(n) __________.

annuity

perpetuity

interest payment

principle payment

Question 16
5 pts
When a constant cash flow will occur at regular intervals forever, it is called a(n) ___________.

annuity

perpetuity

interest payment

principle payment

Question 17
5 pts
The NPV measures the ______ change in shareholder wealth that arises from undertaking a project.

consistent

dollar

annual

semi-annual

Question 18
5 pts
When calculating the present value of either a future single sum or a future annuity, the applicable interest rate is usually called the _______ rate

compounding

inverted

market

discount

Question 19
5 pts
To endow a perpetuity is the same as calculating the present value (PV) of a perpetuity. Say you want to endow an annual graduation party at your alma mater. You want the event to be a memorable one, so you budget $30,000 per year forever for the party. If the university earns 8% per year on its investments, and if the first party is in one yearâs time, how much will you need to donate to endow the party?
The formula for PV of a perpetuity = C\r; = $30,000 \ 0.08; =

$3,750

$37,500

$375,000

$3,750,000

Question 20
5 pts
With an Ordinary Annuity, payments are required at the ________ of each period. An example of this is bonds which usually pay coupon payments at the end of every six months until the bond's maturity date.

beginning

middle

end

payments are not required

Question 21
5 pts
Sales of securities that the seller does not own is called a:

stop-loss order

short sale

limit order

maintenance margin

Question 22
5 pts
What is the name of the market where money market securities, bonds, and mortgages are originated and traded?

debt securities market

foreign exchange market

derivative securities market

equity securities market

Question 23
5 pts
If an investor feels the price of a stock will decline in the future, which trade should the investor undertake?

market order

buy on margin

limit order

short sale

Question 24
5 pts
For risk averse investors, how much return is expected for taking on more risk?

lower

equal

zero

higher

Question 25
5 pts
A ___________________ is a highly regulated document which details the issuers operations and finances and must be provided to each buyer of a newly issued security.

Prospectus

An underwriting agreement

A best efforts agreement

none of the above

Question 26
5 pts
Which of the following statements about liquidity ratios is true?

The lower the quick ratio relative to the current ratio, the safer a firm is in terms of liquidity.

The higher the current ratio, the more likely a firm is able to pay its short-term obligations.

The quick ratio is always between 0 and 1.

All the above statements are true.

Question 27
5 pts
The ability of a firm to meet its short-term debt obligations as they come due is indicated by which of the following ratios:

liquidity ratios

asset utilization ratios

financial leverage ratios

profitability ratios

Question 28
5 pts
Which one of the following financial statements reports a firmâs assets and the claims on assets?

balance sheet

income statement

statement of changes in financial position

cash flow statement

Question 29
5 pts
The extent to which assets are used to support sales is indicated by which of the following ratios:

liquidity ratios

asset utilization ratios

financial leverage ratios

profitability ratios

Question 30
5 pts
The extent to which assets are financed by borrowed funds and other liabilities is indicated by:

liquidity ratios

asset utilization ratios

financial leverage ratios

profitability ratios

Question 31
5 pts
The basic price that equates the demand for and supply of loanable funds in the financial markets is the __________:

interest rate

yield curve

term structure

cash price

none of the above

Question 32
5 pts
Federal obligations usually issued for maturities of two to ten years are called:

Treasury bonds

Treasury notes

Treasury bills

Agency issues

Question 33
5 pts
An increase in the demand for loan-able funds, holding supply constant, will cause interest rates to:

increase

decrease

stay the same

none of the above

Question 34
5 pts
As interest rates rise, the prices of existing bonds will:

rise

stay the same

fall

either a or b

Question 35
5 pts
In an inflationary period, interest rates have a tendency to:

rise

fall

stay the same

act erratically

salmonhound248

AFM273 Lecture Notes - Lecture 1: Arbitrage, Net Present Value

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