BIOL130 Lecture Notes - Bone Morphogenetic Protein 4, Achondroplasia, Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor
28 Jan 2013
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Endochondral ossification mesenchyme cartilage bone most skeletal elements. 2. mesenchymal cells attach to ecm and proliferate. Condensation mesenchymal cells condense due to migration and proliferation. Ecm calcifies blood vessel invasion (mediated by vegf) Membraneous ossification mesenchyme bone flat skull bones, clavicle, facial bones plate aggregations of trabeculae induced by brain, epithelium outward-directed growth (osteoblasts outside, -clasts inside) sutures/fontenelles where plates fuse in skull; for flexibility premature fusion = craniosynostosis sutures/fontenelles. Axial skeleton entirely from somites/somitomeres (of paraxial mesoderm) sclerotome undergoes epithelial mesenchymal trans. surrounds spinal cord and notochord ossifies somites sclerotome. Limb from somatic (dorsal) lateral plate mesoderm sclerotome, ncc lateral plate mesoderm. Osteoclasts blood-borne (osteopetrosis cured by parabiosis, bone marrow transplant) osteopetrosis. Src encodes a tk necessary for ruffled borders fos src. Bmp bone morphogenetic proteins: induce bone formation (discovered by orthopedic surgeons) Bmp-5 mutants short-ear phenotype established developmental role of bmp for growth and shaping. Gdf-5 mutants fewer, shorter bones in limbs.
