BIOL239 Lecture Notes - Gregor Mendel, Punnett Square, Plant Breeding
Document Summary
Genetic traits are passed on from one generation to the next. Artificial selection-purposeful matings: domesticated plants and animals. Most compatible wolves were bred: the version of the gene in dogs and wolves are different but they have the exact same genes. 1950s belyaev-scientific american: a forgotten russian experiment in fox domestication. Gregor mendel (1822-1884: augustinian monk and expert plant breeder (austria 1800s, experiments with garden peas. Garden peas: easy to cross-fertilize, large numbers of offspring, short growing season. Clear-cut alternative forms of particular traits: purple vs. white flowers, yellow vs. green peas, round vs. wrinkled peas =phenotype. Establishment of pure-breeding lines: offspring carry parental traits that remain constant from generation to generation. Carefully controlled breeding: use of reciprocal crosses and self- feritilization. Genotype= genetic make-up; description of genetic information carried by an individual. Mendel used selective breeding to produce true-breeding lines of peas: offspring always showed same phenotype as the parent plants.