BIOL239 Lecture Notes - Gregor Mendel, Punnett Square, Plant Breeding
20 May 2013
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Document Summary
Genetic traits are passed on from one generation to the next. Artificial selection purposeful matings: domesticated plants and animals, dogs - domesticated wolves. Most compatible wolves were bred selected for 1st non-wolf canine skull found dated at ~15,0000 years old in arctic. Next pigs, goats, sheep, cattle ~ 10,0000 years ago: 1950s belyaev. A forgotten russian experiment in fox domestication: crops ~ 13,000 years ago (wheats) Gregor mendel (1822-1884: augustinian monk and expert plant breeder (austria 1800s, experiments with garden peas, advantages to mendel"s approach. Easy to cross-fertilize large numbers of offspring short growing season. Clear-cut alternative forms of particular traits : Purple vs. white flowers, yellow vs. green peas, round vs. wrinkled peas = phenotype. Offspring carry parental traits that remain constant from generation to generation. Phenotype: observable characteristic largely determined by genotype commonly referred to as a trait. Genotype: genetic make-up, description of the genetic information carried by an individual.
