ENVS200 Lecture Notes - Lecture 7: Metapopulation, Trophic Cascade, Mesopredator

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amberminnow695

10 Dec 2017

School

University of Waterloo

Department

Environmental Studies

Course

ENVS200

Professor

Brendon Larson

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Document Summary

Lecture 7 envs 200 | professor larson. Gap: where there is competition or a previous species holding that space. If one species is able to get there first, they have to be able to hold the space. This is called founder-controlled (the species: other species can arrive and can outcompete the original l species. This is called dominance control - this can lead to community successions: overtime other species outcompete, ex. When a large tree with a big canopy dies, it allows sunlight to enter into the space in the forest allowing for the growth of new saplings. This is called a gap and is usually dominance controlled: parts of the forest will be at different ages containing different types of species. Glacier example: retreating slowly and exposing bare ground which is where primary succession will occur (same idea as lava flow)

Related Questions

This part of the activity focuses on some of the key methods that have been useful in protecting endangered species and protecting biodiversity, including hunting and fishing regulations, creating parks and refuges, the Endangered Species Act, and recovery plans that aim to protect the habitat of rare or endangered species. As an example, there are many rare and unique species of both plants and animals in New Zealand. Nearly 1,000 years ago, though, colonists to the area introduced rats and other invasive species of plants and animals that began to harm the native ecosystems. At Kapiti Island, a recovery plan created a wildlife refuge, eliminated the non-native species such as goats, pigs, rats, and dogs and brought back native plants and animals such as the Kiwi bird. Instructions Review the Case Study at the beginning of Chapter 11, entitled âHow Can We Save Spotted Owls?â and Section 11.1, entitled âBiodiversity and the Species Conceptâ and Section 11.2, entitled âWhat Threatens Biodiversity?â Spotted owl populations have suffered from habitat destruction, while native species in New Zealand have suffered from invasive species; these are two types of threat to biodiversity. Consider other threats as put forth in Chapter 10, as well as the implications of biodiversity loss for humans. Open Google Earth, and in the search box enter: Kapiti Island, Wellington, NZ. Click Search. How far is Kapiti from the mainland of the North Island? Does this distance make it harder or easier to keep non-native species out of the nature preserve on the island? Be sure to explain why

Are my answers to the following correct?

True, False, True, C and A,B,D

1. Species accumuation are used to estimate local, or alpha,diversity.

2. The shape of a species accumulation curve depends, in part,on the order in which sampes are processed.

3. Species accumulation curves are not needed when a completecensus is available.

4. Which of the following statements about beta deiversity isFALSE?

a. Beta diversity measures how quickly species compositionchanges across the landscape

b. There are a variety of different ways researchers havemeasured beta diversity

c. Relatively flat, homogeneous habitats tend to have higherbeta diversity

d. Beta diversity changes depending on the scale at which youmeasure it

5. Paul Ehrlich and E.O. Wilson offered a number of reasons toprotect biodiversity. What were they?

a. Earth cannot "survive" antoher mass extinction event

b. People have an aesthetic and moral obligation to protectEarth's species

c. Earth's biodiversity may provide us with important newresources in the future

d. Loss of biodiversity may reduce ecosystem services that wouldbe difficult to replace

False, False, True, True, Sahara dessert, Secular migration andSweetstakes route

6. Immigration rates decline as the size of an islandincrease.

7. Extinction rates decline as the number of species on anisland increases.

8. Extinction rates increase as the size of an islanddecreases.

9. All else being equal, turnover rates are higher on smallislands than on large ones.

10. When we think of islands, we often think of them as landmasses surrounded by water. Ecologists have suggested a muchbroader definition of an island. Which of the following would NOTbe viewed as an island by an ecologist?

a. Mountain top habitats

b. Urban parks

c. Caves

d. Sahara desert

11. Horses originated in North America and then migrates to Asiaand Europe. As they migrates, they evolved over many generationsinto the horse species we see today. This is an example of whichmigration type?

a. Diffusion

b. Jump dispersal

c. Secular migration

12. Horses went extinct in North American and did not returnuntil they were ferried in boats by European settlers (no landmammal can swim on its own across an ocean). From a horse'sperspective, the ocean barrier is best described as...?

a. Corridor

b. Filter

c. Sweepstakes route

greenjackal65

Read this:

Cape Cod National Seashore officials have completed a draft shorebird management plan that proposes killing predators (primarily crows and coyotes) of the piping plover (a small endangered shorebird) so that they can open more areas for recreational users. The USDA could kill up to 50 animals in each of the first two years.

There are four alternative plans being proposed and The HSUS is recommending a version of Alternative D, which is the only proposal without lethal predator control. In 2010 our threat of litigation halted the planned crow poisoning and in 2011, Massachusetts residents were so outspoken on this issue that it halted the program again. Now, we need to show continued opposition.

Then:

you are to look into what has been done and what is currently being done to save the piping plover populations in the US, more specifically the Eastern seashore. After your research on plovers and two other organisms, do you feel as though humans should be stepping in to reduce the predators to help maintain the plover population? Why should we help any species? If these plovers and other organisms are not going to survive without human intervention, isnât that evolution? Adaptation or extinction?

Background on plovers: range, habitat, reason for decline, what is currently being done to help? Is it a success or failure?

Plovers are not the only species that humans have set out to protect from extinction. Give information on two other organisms that humans have stepped in to help in some way. Background: range, habitat, reason for decline, current protections/what is being done. Success or failure?

Your educated opinion on whether we should help prevent organisms from going extinct or not.

amaranthmanatee1

ENVS200 Lecture Notes - Lecture 7: Metapopulation, Trophic Cascade, Mesopredator

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