HLTH201 Lecture 2: Health201, lecture 2.1
6 Sep 2018
School
Department
Course
Professor
Nutrition (continuation of second lecture after second midterm)
Health and rate of aging are based upon the individual factors
• Genetics
• Environmental exposures
• Lifestyle (poor nutrition)
• Subclinical disease (hypertension)
• Clinical disease
Quantum health expectancy theory
• Certain quantity of life at birth (genetics, parental health, fetal health)
• Environmental assaults (erode the quantum) i.e. alcohol, stress, smoking,
poor sleep
• Healthful behaviours (support the quantum) – exercise, good nutrition,
decreased stress
• Modifiable factors – associated with longevity: diet, non-obese, moderate to
no alcohol, positive attitude, not smoking, social interaction, cognitive
stimulation
What is in our food?
• Fuel- glucose, fat alcohol
• Building blocks-proteins and fat
• Essential nutrients for all cell function (vitamins and minerals)
• Functional- fibre, and phytochemicals (not necessarily essential but still
optimize our health)
• Non-nutritive/potentially harmful such as chemicals and additives and
toxins/contaminants
Being well nourished means…
1. Undernourishment resulting from insufficient food intake
2. Over nutrition caused by excess food intake
3. Specific nutrient deficiencies (quite fine in terms to fuel intake, but still
deficient in some nutrient)-deficiency
4. Imbalance due to disproportionate food intake (toxicity)
5. This all affects every system, cell and function of the body
What is malnutrition?
• Inadequate intake of energy, macro or micronutrients
• Sustained inadequate intake leads to functional change in tissues of the body
(i.e. muscle loss, weakness, immune function, capacity for recovery,
cognition)
Recommendation for nutrient intake with age
• Increased need with age for B6
• Increased B12 and folate for all adults
Atrophic gastritis highly associated with age; impairs B12 absorption, subclinical
deficiency 30-60%
• All age groups increased requirement for vitamin C and E from prior versions
Likely changes in endogenous antioxidant systems with age, but no increase in
requirements
Likelihood of subclinical effects (e.g. CVD) or increased requirements with some
diseases
• Vitamin D increased for 51+ and 71+
• Increased requirement for Calcium
• Increased requirement for protein
Long lived groups – idea was to look at people who were living the longest time and
see what their diets were like
• Population included- seventh day Adventists, nun study, Okinawa,
Mediterranean
• Common factors: gender, social interaction, positive attitude, cognitive
stimulation, diet/non-obese, non-smoking, none to limited alcohol, limit
stress
What type of diet do we follow then?
• Bi-directional relationship
diet and longevity examples
Document Summary
Nutrition (continuation of second lecture after second midterm) Health and rate of aging are based upon the individual factors: genetics, environmental exposures, lifestyle (poor nutrition, subclinical disease (hypertension, clinical disease. Inadequate intake of energy, macro or micronutrients: sustained inadequate intake leads to functional change in tissues of the body (i. e. muscle loss, weakness, immune function, capacity for recovery, cognition) Atrophic gastritis highly associated with age; impairs b12 absorption, subclinical deficiency 30-60: all age groups increased requirement for vitamin c and e from prior versions. Likely changes in endogenous antioxidant systems with age, but no increase in requirements. Likelihood of subclinical effects (e. g. cvd) or increased requirements with some diseases: vitamin d increased for 51+ and 71+ Long lived groups idea was to look at people who were living the longest time and see what their diets were like: population included- seventh day adventists, nun study, okinawa,
