PSYCH261 Lecture : Biological Psychology 10th Edition Chapter 6

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Light rays bounce off objects in all directions; only see rays that hit retina perpendicularly. Perceive objects by energy they transmit (eg. reflect light); store and encode info. Law of specific nerve energies: 1 aspect of coding = which neuron is active; impulses in some neurons indicate light. Light stimulates specific set of receptors; stimulus strength, coding, etc. depends on firing rate. Brain activity does not duplicate the object you see. The eye and its connections to the brain. Light enters via pupil; focused by lens and cornea; projected to retina (lined w/ visual receptors); light strikes contralaterally. Message goes from retina (back) to bipolar cells (center) to ganglion cells (center) then to brain. Ganglion cells form optic nerve at back of eye; point where light leaves forms blind-spot (no light receptors) Fovea: central portion of retina; specialized for acute, unimpeded, detailed vision; hawks have 2 foveas.