BIOL 112 Lecture Notes - Lecture 20: Wild Type, Frameshift Mutation, Protein Structure
59
BIOL 112 Full Course Notes
Verified Note
59 documents
Document Summary
Biol 112 - biology of the cell - lecture 20 (chapter 14): dna mutations and phenotypes. Promoter initiates transcription, which ends with terminator. The exons of the transcribed region will be spliced out. 5" end: addition of a cap, which is m7g with 3 phosphate groups. 3" end: addition of poly (a) tail (a trail of 100-250 nucleotides of adenine) Transcription starts at start codon aug, and ends at stop codon uag, uaa, or uga. Genome: total genetic information passed from parents to offsprings. Phenotype: the observable physical traits of an organism. Variant: a species with mutated region of a gene, which has became prevalent in the population. The random leftover mistakes of the proofreading mechanisms in cells. Proofreading mechanisms are extremely accurate and have 1/10^9 chance of making mistakes. A nucleotide changes from a to g, the corresponding nucleotide changes from a to c. Also referred to as snp (single nucleotide polymorphism)
