BIOL 121 Lecture Notes - Lecture 35: Commensalism, Great Bear Rainforest
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QUESTION 1
These include simultaneous consideration of tolerance ranges for all conditions, resource requirements (of all biotic and abiotic resources), and habitat preferences.
a. | Fundamental ecological niches | b. | Hutchinsonian ecological niches | c. | . Realized ecological niches | d. | Competition coefficients | e. | Competitive exclusion | f. | Coexistence | g. | Isoclines | h. | Stable equilibria | i. | Unstable equilibria |
QUESTION 2
Interspecific competition has this outcome when the effects of intraspecific competition outweigh the effects of interspecific competition.
a. | Fundamental ecological niches | b. | Hutchinsonian ecological niches | c. | Realized ecological niches | d. | Competition coefficients | e. | Competitive exclusion | f. | Coexistence | g. | Isoclines | h. | Stable equilibria | i. | Unstable equilibria |
QUESTION 3
The range of places that species could occupy based on suitability; a hypothetical location and ecological/trophic role in the absence of ecological interactions such as competition.
a. | Fundamental ecological niches | b. | Hutchinsonian ecological niches | c. | Realized ecological niches | d. | Competition coefficients | e. | Competitive exclusion | f. | Coexistence | g. | Isoclines | h. | Stable equilibria | i. | Unstable equilibria |
QUESTION 4
Graphs of the Lotka-Volterra interspecific competition model illustrate coexistence of two species with one of these features.
a. | Fundamental ecological niches | b. | Hutchinsonian ecological niches | c. | . Realized ecological niches | d. | Competition coefficients | e. | Competitive exclusion | f. | Coexistence | g. | . Isoclines | h. | . Stable equilibria | i. | Unstable equilibria |
QUESTION 5
When a particular species always outcompetes a second species in the Lotka-Volterra model of interspecific competition, these features will never intersect.
a. | Fundamental ecological niches | b. | Hutchinsonian ecological niche | c. | Realized ecological niches | d. | Competition coefficients | e. | Competitive exclusion | f. | Coexistence | g. | Isoclines | h. | Stable equilibria | i. | Unstable equilibria |
QUESTION 6
When prey/foods increase in abundance, the predator population increases through reproduction and/or immigration.
a. | Amensilism | b. | Commensilism | c. | Functional response | d. | Mutualism | e. | Numerical response | f. | Parasite | g. | Parasitoid | h. | True predator | i. | This is not an answer- don't choose it! |
QUESTION 7
Endomycorrhizae, ectomycorrhizae, gut âmicrofloraâ and lichens are examples of this type of ecological interaction.
a. | Amensilism | b. | Commensilism | c. | Functional response | d. | Mutualism | e. | Numerical response | f. | Parasite | g. | Parasitoid | h. | True predator |
QUESTION 8
Prey switching, prey mechanisms to avoid predation (via increased group size), and formation of search images generate variations of this phenomenon.
a. | Amensilism | b. | Commensilism | c. | Functional response | d. | Mutualism | e. | Numerical response | f. | Parasite | g. | Parasitoid | h. | True predator |
QUESTION 9
Generally do not kill their prey, and consume only one (or perhaps a few) individual prey during a particular developmental phase or lifetime.
a. | Amensilism | b. | Commensilism | c. | . Functional response | d. | Mutualism | e. | Numerical response | f. | Parasite | g. | Parasitoid | h. | True predator |
QUESTION 10
Extremely asymmetric competition and âaccidentsâ can result in this ecological interaction.
a. | Amensilism | b. | . Commensilism | c. | Functional response | d. | Mutualism | e. | Numerical response | f. | Parasite | g. | Parasitoid | h. | True predator |
Xenobalanus globicipitis is a barnacle thatlives on the body of many whale species. The whale provides anattachment site for the barnacle and the whale is completelyunaffected by the barnacleâs presence. This relationship is anexample of
parasitism | ||
commensalism | ||
mutualism | ||
competition |
QUESTION 7
A group of long-billed prairie birds migrates from a pristine,protected prairie to a nearby, newly restored prairie. Theycolonize and establish a breeding population in the restoredprairie. Years later, scientists compare the two bird populationsand find that long-billed prairie birds in the newly colonized areaconsume a much smaller range of food types than birds from theoriginal population, even though food availability is similar inthe two areas. What might be an explanation for this?
The two populations of the long-billed prairie-birds haddifferent fundamental niches, but the same realized niche | ||
The original population of long-billed prairie-birds had higherlevels of competition for food resources and in order to findenough food had a more varied diet. Those in the newly colonizedarea faced less competition and adapted to a smaller range of foodtypes. | ||
While the long-billed prairie-birdâs fundamental niche includeda wide range of prey species, competition with other species in thenewly colonized prairie reduced the realized niche such that fewerfood types were utilized | ||
The long-billed prairie-birdâs fundamental niche shifted as aresult of competition with other species such that individuals inthe newly colonized prairie foraged on a smaller variety of foodtypes |
What classification is used for olfaction and tastereceptors?
mechanoreceptors | ||
nociceptors | ||
chemoreceptors | ||
proprioreceptors |
You are standing in the center of a completely dark, empty, roomwith absolutely no light. You then raise your hand in the air. Whatsensors tell you that your hand is raised?
nociceptors | ||
proprioceptors | ||
chemoreceptors | ||
thermoreceptors |