BIOL 234 Lecture Notes - Lecture 4: Exon, Base Pair, Chromosome
Document Summary
Translocation: a segment is broken off the chromosome and reattached somewhere else. If two different chromosomes exchange segments of dna, this is called a reciprocals translocation. Inversion: an internal segment of the chromosome has been inverted relative to the ends. How can we detect mutations in a genome: dna sequencing, physical measurement of the dna, detection of the consequences of change in gene function. Short dna primers complementary to specific sequences bind to dna after it has been heated to become single-stranded. A typical size of a pcr primer 18-24 bp. Amplification of dna fragments are up to 10,000 bp are practical. To use pcr amplification as a detection technique one needs to know the dna sequence of the nucleic acid to be detected. Silent- altered codon specifies the same amino acid. Missense- altered codon specifies a chemically similar amino acid. Missense mutation (nonconservative) altered codon specifies a chemically dissimilar amino acid.
