CHEM 121 Lecture : Sketching Atomic Orbitals.pdf
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CHEM 121 Full Course Notes
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Sketching atomic orbitals: a primer for chemistry 1000 s orbitals are all spherical; in sketching them we ignore any inner nodes that distinguish 1s from 2s, etc. Similarly, for all the more complex orbitals, we draw only the simplest version, so that for p we sketch 2p, and for d we sketch 3d. Beyond this it gets too complicated, and we will not ask you to learn the f orbital shapes. One reason for this is that the f orbitals are very little used in any chemical bonds. p orbitals all have the same barbell shape, but differ in orientation. They present a challenge to draw in three dimensions, so it is much easier to draw the between ones only in two dimensions. The on-axes orbitals are dx2-y2 and the dz2 orbitals: pz y py x z x. The between-axes orbitals are the dxy, dxz and dyz orbitals: z dz2 y x z dx2 - y2 y x.
