CHEM 233 Lecture 7: 07Sept20

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rosegrasshopper175

12 Dec 2017

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The main types of attractive forces among organic molecules, in order of decreasing strength, are: hydrogen bonding (2-7 kcal/mol or 8-30 kj/mol) dipole-dipole, p-stacking interactions (0. 5-1 kcal/mol or 2-4 kj/mol) London dispersion forces (< 0. 5 kcal/mol or < 2 kj/mol) What would happen if water were used as the solvent in the reaction between. Reminder: definition of lewis base: a molecule that incorporates an atom that has one (or more) lone pairs of electrons, therefore it can establish a bonding interaction by donating that electron pair to a suitable acceptor (a lewis acid) Reminder: the above reaction must occur in three distinct stages, the first of which is the dissociation of the starting alkyl bromide into a carbocation and a bromide ion: vacant p orbital: Br followed (stage 2) by the reaction of the lewis acidic carbocation with lewis basic methanol:

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Show transcribed image text LTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers th tion. 1) 1) How many lone pairs are on the Br atom in BrF2-? D) 3 A) 1 B) 0 C) 2 2) 2) Based on VSEPR theory, which should have the smallest XAX bond angle? D) A) B) C)
5) Arrange in order from the smallest to the largest bond angle: CH3+, NF3, NH4+, XeF4. 5) A) XeF4, NH4+, NF3, CH3+ C) NF3, NH4+, XeF4, CH3+ B) XeF4, NF3, NH4+, CH3+ D) CH3+, NF3, NH4+, XeF4
11) What is the bond angle in the following molecular model of NO2-? A) less than 109.5 B) 109.5 C) less than 120Â° but greater than 109.5 D) 120Â° 12) 12) What are the bond angles in the folowing molecular model of SO32-? ao A) less than 109.5 B) 109.5Â° C) less than 120Â° but greater than 109.5 D) 120 13) 13) How many of the following molecules are polar? B) 0 D) 3 E) 1 A) 2 14 14) Determine the electron geometry (eg, molecular geometry (mg. and polarity of Pa A) eg-trigonal pyramidal mg-trigonal pyramidal polar B) eg-tetrahedral mg-bent, polar C) eg-tetrahedral, mg-trigonal pyramidal polar D) eg-linear, mg-linear, nompolar E) eg-trigonal planar, mg-trigonal planar, nonpolar 15) Which orbital hybridization is associated with a tetrahedral charge cloud arrangement? 15)__ B) sp3 D) None of these C) sp 16) Which of the following is not true? 16 A) An sp3 hybrid orbital may hold a lone pair of electrons B) An sp3 hybrid orbital may form a pi bond by overlap with an orbital on another atom. C) An sp3 hybrid orbital may form a sigma bond by overlap with an orbital on another atom. D) The sp3 hybrid orbitals are degenerate.
chlo 17) What orbital hybridization is expected for the central atom in a molecule with a trigonal 17)_ planar geometry? A) sp2 C) sp B) sp3 D) None of these 18) Which atomic orbitals are involved in bonding and which as lone pair orbitals for 18) N2H2? H N N-H A) boading: s on H, sp2 and p on N B) bonding: s on H, sp2 on N C) bonding: sp2 on both H and N D) bonding: s on H, p on N lone pair: sp2 on N lone pair: p on N lone pair: p on N lone pair: sp2 on N 19) Place the following in order of increasing dipole moment 20) Give the hybridization for the O in OF2 21) Give the hybridization for the Br in BrCl3 22) Give the hybridization for the C in HCCH A)sp 20) E) sp3 Ð)sp3d 21) D) sp E)sp3 A)sp3 B) sp3d2 C) sp 22) D) sp3d E)sp2
23) Identify the set of hybrid orbitals shown below. A) sp C) sp3 B) sp2 D) None of these 24) Which molecule has a central atom that uses the set of hybrid orbitals shown below to form bonds 24) with the non-central atoms? A) NO2 B) H20 C) co2

For each of the following, fill in the blank with the correct response. All of these fill-in-the-blank problems pertain to material covered in the sections on alkanes, alkenes and alkynes, aromatic hydrocarbons, and hydrocarbon derivatives.

a. The first "organic" compound to be synthesized in the laboratory, rather than being isolated from nature, was _ _ _ _ _, which was prepared from _ _ _ _ _.

b. An organic compound whose carbon-carbon bonds are all single bonds is said to be _ _ _ _ _.

c. The general orientation of the four pairs of electrons around the carbon atoms in alkanes is _ _ _ _ _.

d. Alkanes in which the carbon atoms form a single unbranched chain are said to be _ _ _ _ _ alkanes.

e. Structural isomerism occurs when two molecules have the same number of each type of atom but exhibit a different arrangement of the _ _ _ _ _ between those atoms.

f. The systematic names of all saturated hydrocarbons have the ending _ _ _ _ _ added to a root name that indicates the number of carbon atoms in the molecule.

g. For branched hydrocarbon, the root name for the hydrocarbon comes from the number of carbon atoms in the _ _ _ _ _ continuous chain in the molecule.

h. The positions of substituents along the hydrocarbon framework of a molecule are indicated by the _ _ _ _ _ of the carbon atom to which the substituents are attached.

i. The major use of alkanes has been in _ _ _ _ _ reactions, as a source of heat and light.

j. With very reactive agents, such as the halogen elements, alkanes undergo _ _ _ _ _ reactions, whereby a new atom replaces one or more hydrogen atoms of the alkane.

k. Alkenes and alkynes are characterized by their ability to undergo rapid, complete _ _ _ _ _ reactions, by which other atoms attach themselves to the carbon atoms of the double or triple bond.

l. Unsaturated fats may be converted to saturated fats by the process of _ _ _ _ _.

m. Benzene is the parent member of the group of hydrocarbons called _ _ _ _ _ hydrocarbons.

n. An atom or group of atoms that imparts new and characteristic properties to an organic molecule is called a _ _ _ _ _ group.

o. A _ _ _ _ _ alcohol is one in which there is only one hydrocarbon group attached to the carbon atom holding the hydroxyl group.

p. The simplest alcohol, methanol, prepared industrially by the hydrogenation of _ _ _ _ _.

q. Ethanol is commonly prepared by the _ _ _ _ _ of certain sugars by yeast.

r. Both aldehydes and ketones contain the _ _ _ _ _ group, but they differ in where this group occurs along the hydrocarbon chain.

s. Aldehydes and ketones can be prepared by _ _ _ _ _ of the corresponding alcohol.

t. Organic acids, which contain the _ _ _ _ _ group, are typically weak acids.

u. The typical sweet-smelling compounds called _ _ _ _ _ result from the condensation reaction of organic acid with an _ _ _ _ _.

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CHEM 233 Lecture 7: 07Sept20

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