EOSC 114 Lecture Notes - Fault Scarp, Landform
Document Summary
Most ground cracks are produced by liquefaction and mass movement. Rupture usually produces a fault scarp (low cliff, extends 100"s of m or km) Intensity of seismic shaking= ratio of ground acceleration to the acceleration from gravity. Resonance: the phenomenon created when the frequency of the ground shaking matches the natural vibrational frequency of the building (generally: high hz, short period waves damage low buildings/ low hz, long period waves damage tall buildings) Liquefaction: happens at shallow depths when pore water pressures become so high that the water suspends sediments particles allowing the deposit to flow. Land settles irregularly, sediments compacting and water staying in pools on surface: earthquakes & landslides are two of the most closely linked natural hazards. Ground shaking and surface rupture can sever electrical power and gas lines, starting fires (difficult to suppress) Disease outbreaks can occur due to: loss of sanitation and housing, contaminated water supplies, and disruption of public health services.
