GEOG 122 Lecture Notes - Lecture 28: Welfare In Sweden, Demographic Transition
Document Summary
Science of demography: role of national census as data source. Population trends are fundamental to national and global social and economic policy. High birth and death rates; population checks such as black plague, warfare, and famine. Stage 2: death rates decline, high population growth in europe after 1750, improved diet, better hygiene, scientific medicine, modernization begins. Stage 3: birth rates decline, beginning first in global north; Continued modernization, education, literacy, welfare state, and intro of birth control: all change meaning of children. Stage 4: low birth rate, low death rate, slow or negative growth with birth rate below replacement level of 2 to 1. Much of the global north and beyond in this stage: delayed family formation, fertility deficit, challenges of an aging population immigration or population decline (japan, russia, and germany). Could perhaps be a stage 5, steady population decline without immigration.
