HIST 102 Lecture Notes - Lecture 10: Scientific Method, Lower Middle Class, Second Industrial Revolution
Document Summary
Landed nobility - made up of the traditional aristocracy. New gentry - elite professionals and wealthy non fitted landowners. The new gentry married aristocracy to gain titles and aristocracy married gentry for the wealth. Upper middle class: lawyers, civil servants, doctors, architects. The second industrial revolution & emergence of mass society in 1800-1900s. First ir - 1700-1800 improvements in spinning and weaving, movement away from manual labour towards steam- powered/water-powered labour. Second ir - 1800-1900 using steel instead of iron, electricity, more manufactured goods & development of consumer culture, which lived on until today. Industrialization and high birth rates led to urbanization. Health and living conditions improved as cities built running water and drainage systems, and health-regulating institutions. The moral/political health of the nation improved as clean houses became impt: w/o clean house, there was no stable family life; w/o a stable family life, there was no society.
