MICB 201 Lecture Notes - Lecture 7: Membrane Transport Protein, Cyanophycin, Lithotroph
Document Summary
What are nutrients: all organisms require nutrients (chemicals + light) 2 main classes (chemical) = organic + inorganic. Organic ( chx ) = has c + at least one c-h, n-h, or s-h bond inorganic = no c or no c-h/n-h/s-h bond. Are substances taken from environment and used as: Energy/electron/chemical element sources, through extraction by catabolism. When in excess, stored as polymeric reserve materials to be used later usually visible as granules or inclusion bodies in the cytoplasm. Storage as polymeric reserve materials (polymers) causes less osmotic inflow of water vs. storing as monomers. Common reserve materials stored: glycogen/starch, polyphosphate (inorganic phosphate polymer), phb (organic, lipid-like polymer), sulfur (elemental), cyanophycin (copolymer of aspartate + arginine) Energy, electrons, and chemical ingredients obtained from nutrients used to synthesize cellular macromolecules by anabolism: organisms grouped according to their energy, electron, and carbon sources: Both energy + electron sources = electron donors difference is in what the electrons are used to synthesize.