PCTH 201 Lecture Notes - Lecture 22: Corpus Luteum, Combined Oral Contraceptive Pill, Levonorgestrel
28 Nov 2017
School
Department
Course
Professor
Document Summary
Androgens (testosterone: sex differences exist in prevalence, not species. Take-home points: follicle-stimulating hormone (fsh) and luteinizing hormone (lh) stimulate follicle growth. As follicle grows, it releases estrogen that first inhibits (negative feedback), then stimulates (at higher levels; positive feedback) lh/fsh production. Lh surge stimulates ovulation at approximately day 14 of menstrual cycle: follicle, post-ovulation, turns into corpus luteum. Source of estrogen/progesterone secretion that promotes endometrial growth, and suppresses lh/fsh levels through negative feedback: degeneration of corpus luteum results menstruation in absence of hormonal support. Hormonal: synthetic estrogen + synthetic progesterone (aka progestins) oral only, synthetic progesterone alone. Non-hormonal: copper intrauterine device inhibit sperm movement and fertilization. Combined oral contraceptives: combination of synthetic estrogen (usually ethinyl estradiol) and progestin (usually one of levonorgestrel or norethindrone) Inhibition of fsh and lh release (estrogen and progestin formulations) Inhibition of endogenous hormone release: thickening of uterine mucus lining (progestin only formulations) Standard prescription: 21 combination hormone tablets, 7 placebo tablets.
