BIL 116 Lecture Notes - Sympatric Speciation, Speciation, Multimodal Distribution

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18 Jan 2013
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Allele frequency p (a) + q (a) = 1 (total gene pool) Genotype frequency p2 (aa) + 2pq (aa) + q2 (aa) = 1 (gene pool) Allele frequency must be constant / population must be stable [exam: large population. Anomalies and chance variation less significant: random mating. Equal chance of alleles being passed on: no mutations / no immigration/emmigration / no natural selection. Prevents addition or removal of new alleles. Baseline by which to judge whether allele frequency of population"s gene pool has changed. Gene pool: all the alleles in a population. New environmental factor affects survival rate of phenotype before reproduction. Organisms better adapted to the environment survive, reproduce, pass on their alleles/genes. Allele frequency of the advantageous gene increases. Changes frequencies of alleles in gene pool / phenotype in population. Natural selection favours average organisms best adapted to that environment. Organisms with extreme forms of characteristics/mutations are selected against.

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