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CHEM1001 Lecture Notes - Lecture 16: Measuring Cup, Laboratory Glassware, Graduated Cylinder

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1 Aug 2016

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The properties of a material may be described in many ways. If you have two containers of water that are different sizes, they each hold a different amount, or volume, of water. The unit for volume is a unit derived from the si unit of length and is not a fundamental si measurement. If two water samples have different volumes, they still share a common measurement: the density. Density is another measurement derived from si basic units. The density of a material is defined as its mass per unit volume. Each volume of water is different and therefore has a specific and unique mass. The mass of water is expressed in grams or kilograms, and the volume is measured in liters, cubic centimeters, or milliliters. Density is calculated by the dividing the mass by the volume, so that density is measured as units of mass/volume, often g/ml.

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Chemistry 1010 Laboratory Fall 2016 Lab: Percent Sugar Content of Beverages ave you ever been to the ocean? Does it seem that you can float or swim much easier in the ocean than in a swimming pool? Seawater is more dense than freshwater due to the presence of dissolved salt in the cean As a result, our buoyancy-ability to float-is greater in salt water than in plain water. What factors of a particular substance is dissolved in it? Background The density of a pure substance is a characteristic physical property that can be used to identify the substance does not depend on the amount of the substance. The density of any material is determined by measuring its mass and volume and then dividing the mass by the volume. The mass of a substance can be measured directly using a balance. The volume of a liquid can be measured directly using special laboratory glassware, such as a graduated cylinder, buret, or pipet. In this experiment, liquild volumes will be measured using a graduated cylinder Density is defined as the ratio of mass per unit volume. It is an "intensive" property, that is, it The density of a solution depends on its concentration, that is, how much solid is dissolved in the liquid. The higher the concentration of solid, the greater the density of the solution. A convenient way to express concentration is in units of weight percent, which corresponds to the number of grams of sollid that are present in 100 g of solution. A 20% salt solution is prepared by dissolving 20 g of sodium chloride (table salt) in 80 g of water to give a final mass of 100 g of solution. When the density of a solution is plotted on a graph against the concentration of the solution, a regular pattern becomes evident, specifically that density is directly proportional to the concentration of solid in the solution. A 20% salt solution, for example, has a higher density and higher concentration of solid than a 10% salt solution. If the densities of several solutions of known concentration are determined experimentally and plotted on a graph, a calibration curve can be drawn to show a straight-line relationship between the density of a solution and the concentration of solid (note: the calibration curve in this lab reveals a linear (straight-line) relationship, but not all calibration curves are linear). The calibration curve can then be used to find the concentration of solid in an unknown solution simply based on experimentally measuring the density of the solution. Experiment Overview The purpose of this experiment is to determine the percent sugar content in beverages. The density of five reference" solutions will be determined in Part A. The reference solutions contain known amounts sugar " of sugar (0-20%). Their densities will be plotted on a graph to obtain a calibration curve of density versus nt sugar concentration. In Part 8, the densities of two beverages will also be determined, and the The results will be compared against the information provided on the nutrition labels for these beverages 1. if the following mass and volume data are used to calculate the density of solution, how many cal libration curve, created from the data in Part A, will be used to find the percentage of sugar they contain. Pre-Lab Questions significant figures are allowed in the calculated density? Mass of solution 12.53 g: volume of solution = 8.27 mL Calculate the density of the solution described in Question #1 (Hint: This is a 2-step problem. Then calculate the percent sugar in the beverage.) According to its nutrition label, orange soda 2. 3. First, use the density to convert the 355-mL serving size to grams. Lab: Percent Sugar Content of Beverages