BIOL 321 Lecture Notes - Lecture 9: Joule, Galactose, Glycerol

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26 Apr 2013
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There are seven major classes of nutrients: carbohydrates, fats, fiber, minerals, protein, vitamin, and water. These nutrient classes can be categorized as either macronutrients (needed in relatively large amounts) or micronutrients(needed in smaller quantities). The macronutrients are carbohydrates, fats, fiber, proteins, and water. The macronutrients (excluding fiber and water) provide structural material (amino acids from which proteins are built, and lipids from which cell membranes and some signaling molecules are built) and energy. Vitamins, minerals, fiber, and water do not provide energy, but are required for other reasons. A third class dietary material, fiber (i. e. , non-digestible material such as cellulose), seems also to be required, for both mechanical and biochemical reasons, though the exact reasons remain unclear. Molecules of carbohydrates and fats consist of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms. Carbohydrates range from simplemonosaccharides (glucose, fructose, galactose) to complex polysaccharides (starch). Fats are triglycerides, made of assortedfatty acid monomers bound to glycerol backbone.

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