PHIL 202-3 Lecture Notes - Lecture 22: Kamakura Period, Hongan-Ji, Bhavacakra
PHIL 202
Ch. 11 Japanese Traditions (pt. 2)
New Emphases in Japanese Religious Practice
New Sects in the Kamakura and Muromachi Periods
• Three new types of Buddhist practices emerge during the Kamakura period (1185–1333)
o Pure Land, Nichiren, Zen
• Mappo: degenerate time
o Social and political disorder
o Worldly disasters: earthquakes, famine, typhoons
Pure Land Salvation
• Buddhism started attracting common people after Genshin (942–1017)
o Essentials of Salvation (985)
• Six realms of existence
o Hell, hungry ghosts, demonic beings, animals, human beings,
heavenly beings
o Must pass through all realms, in multiple incarnations, before
reaching perfection in the Pure Land
Pure Lad “alvatio, cot’d
• Tendai monk, Honen (1133–1212)
o Only hope lay in Amida
• Does not discriminate
• “alatio through siere faith ad repeated reitatio of namu Amida
Butsu the nembutsu)
• Opened way to universal salvation
• Radical because showed no difference between the ordained and the
laity
• Around 1450, Renyo systematized teachings, and created a militant security force to
protects the Honganji Temple
Rinzai Zen and Kamakura Culture
• Seated meditation (zazen) is the path to enlightenment and salvation
• Tendai monk Eisai (1141–1215)
o Studied Chan in China twice
o Brought other elements of Buddhist and Confucian teachings to Japan
• Drik Tea ad Prolog Life
o Attracted to artistic expression and discipline of Chan/Zen
• Relationship with ruling samurai
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Document Summary
New sects in the kamakura and muromachi periods: three new types of buddhist practices emerge during the kamakura period (1185 1333, pure land, nichiren, zen, mappo: degenerate time, social and political disorder, worldly disasters: earthquakes, famine, typhoons. Pure la(cid:374)d alvatio(cid:374), co(cid:374)t"d: tendai monk, honen (1133 1212, only hope lay in amida, does not discriminate, al(cid:448)atio(cid:374) through si(cid:374)(cid:272)ere faith a(cid:374)d repeated re(cid:272)itatio(cid:374) of (cid:862)namu amida. Butsu(cid:863) (cid:894)the nembutsu: opened way to universal salvation, radical because showed no difference between the ordained and the, around 1450, renyo systematized teachings, and created a militant security force to laity protects the honganji temple. Soto zen: the gradual path (cid:862)gradual e(cid:374)lighte(cid:374)(cid:373)e(cid:374)t(cid:863) through (cid:862)just sitti(cid:374)g(cid:863: tendai monk dogen (1200 53) If humans are born with an innate buddha-nature, as tendai taught, why should they need to make any effort to achieve enlightenment: eiheiji monastery, zazen combined with rigorous study and physical labour, posthumously ordained lay people.
