PSYC1003 Lecture Notes - Lecture 15: Information Processing, Sketchpad
Psychology 1003 November 16th & 18th
Chapter 7. Human Memory
Basic Questions: How does information get into the memory? How is information maintained in
memory? How is information pulled back out of memory?
Encoding: forming am memory code
Storage: maintaining information over time
Retrieval: recovering information
Encoding: Getting information into memory
Focusing awareness: role of attention
Selective attention: filter stimuli
-Selection of input -filtering: early or late?
Cognitive Load: -complicated tasks=early filter
-Simpler tasks= later filter
Divided attention: reductions in memory performance
Levels of Processing
Deeper processing Longer lasting memory codes
Shallow processing- Structural encoding: physical structure of the stimulus
Intermediate Processing- Phonemic encoding: what a word sounds like
Deep Processing-Semantic encoding: meaning of verbal input
Enriching Encoding
Elaboration: -linking a stimulus to other information at the time of encoding
-thinking of examples
Self-Referent Encoding: -making information personally meaningful
Visual Imagery: -creation of visual images to represent words to be remembered
-easier for concrete objects
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Document Summary
Shallow processing- structural encoding: physical structure of the stimulus. Intermediate processing- phonemic encoding: what a word sounds like. Elaboration: -linking a stimulus to other information at the time of encoding. Visual imagery: -creation of visual images to represent words to be remembered. Information processing theories: subdivide memory into 3 different stores. Sensory-memory: (large amount of information for a very brief short time) Brief preservation of information in original sensory form. Sperling"s study of sensory memory: auditory/visual sensory store decays after second. Short-term memory: (limited capacity for up to 20 sec) Limited-capacity store that can maintain unrehearsed information for up to about 20 seconds. Limited capacity: 7 plus or minus 2, chunking. Working memory: limited-capacity storage system that temporarily maintains and stores information. Working memory capacity (wmc): ability to hold and manipulate information in conscious attention. Phonological rehearsal loop: uses recitation to temporarily hold onto information. Visuospatial sketchpad: temporarily holding and manipulation of visual images.
