ANP 1105 Lecture Notes - Lecture 15: Reticular Formation, Hypercapnia, Thoracic Cavity
Document Summary
Structural aspects considered in the process of respiration: Includes all other respiratory structures; cleanses, warms, humidifies air. Microscopic structures respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveoli. At birth, respiratory centers are activated, alveoli inflate and lungs begin to function. Two weeks after birth, lungs are fully inflated. Respiratory rate is highest in newborns and slows until adulthood. Lungs continue to mature and more alveoli formed until young adulthood. Pulmonary ventilation (breathing): movement of air in and out of lungs. External respiration: o2 and co2 exchange between lungs and blood. Internal respiration: o2 and co2 exchange between systemic blood vessels and tissues. Lower respiratory tract: larynx to alveoli (trachea to lungs) Mucous and serous secretions contain lysosome and defensins. Inspired air warmed by plexuses of capillaries and veins. Lighten skull, secrete mucus, help warm and moisten air. Nasal mucosa is continuous with mucosa of respiratory tract spreads from nose throat chest.