ANP 1106 Lecture Notes - Lecture 4: Cardiac Arrhythmia, Inferior Thyroid Artery, Triiodothyronine
6 Jun 2018
School
Department
Course
Professor
Anatomy and Physiology 1107
Notes: Lecture 10
Prof: D. Lohnes
➢ Hepatic functions associated with metabolism
o The liver is one of the most biochemically complex organs in the body, it
conducts over five-hundred metabolic functions and processes nearly every class
of nutrients and plays a major role in the regulation of plasma in cholesterol
levels
➢ General metabolic functions
o Carbohydrate metabolism
▪ Isomerizes monosaccharides into glucose and packages glucose and
glycogen and fats which serve as a glucose store
• Glycogenolysis: to release glucose
• Gluconeogenesis: converts amino acids or glycerol to glucose
when needed
o Fat metabolism
▪ It is the primary site for B-oxidation, it generates ketone bodies from
Acetyl-CoA, lipoproteins for triglyceride transport and metabolizes
cholesterol and bile salts
o Protein metabolism
▪ It is the principal site of amino acid deamination (forms urea for the
removal of ammonia), it generates most of the plasma proteins and is a
major site of generation of non-essential amino acids (by transamination)
o Storage
▪ It stores 1- ears’ orth of Vitai A, -4 month supply of Vitamin D
and Vitamin B12, and it stores iron (as ferritin) from degraded RBCs for
release when needed
o Biotransformation
▪ It inactivates compounds such as ethanol and drugs, it will also activate a
number of drugs, it processes bilirubin from heme (bile pigment) and
catabolizes many hormones for excretion
➢ There are four major types of lipoproteins
o Triglycerides and cholesterol are insoluble in an aqueous environment, and
therefore cannot circulate freely in the blood and are instead transported as
lipoproteins
o All lipoproteins are composed of varying proportions of triglycerides,
phospholipids and cholesterol as well as protein. Protein is important for
regulating the entry into specific target cells
o The high the peretage of lipid i a lipoprotei, the loer it’s desit
o The four principal lipoproteins are chylomicrons, VLDL, LDL and HDL and each
carries out a specific role
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Document Summary
Isomerizes monosaccharides into glucose and packages glucose and glycogen and fats which serve as a glucose store: glycogenolysis: to release glucose, gluconeogenesis: converts amino acids or glycerol to glucose, fat metabolism when needed. It is the primary site for b-oxidation, it generates ketone bodies from. Acetyl-coa, lipoproteins for triglyceride transport and metabolizes cholesterol and bile salts: protein metabolism. It is the principal site of amino acid deamination (forms urea for the removal of ammonia), it generates most of the plasma proteins and is a major site of generation of non-essential amino acids (by transamination: storage. It stores 1-(cid:1006) (cid:455)ears" (cid:449)orth of vita(cid:373)i(cid:374) a, (cid:1005)-4 month supply of vitamin d and vitamin b12, and it stores iron (as ferritin) from degraded rbcs for release when needed: biotransformation. It inactivates compounds such as ethanol and drugs, it will also activate a number of drugs, it processes bilirubin from heme (bile pigment) and catabolizes many hormones for excretion.
