APA 1313 Lecture Notes - Lecture 3: Atlanto-Axial Joint, Sacrospinous Ligament, Ischial Spine
31 Oct 2016
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Document Summary
Thoracic cage is formed by the 12 pairs of ribs, sternum, costal cartilages, and 12 thoracic vertebrae. Along with the skin and associated fascia and muscles, the thoracic cage forms the thoracic wall. Lodges and protects the contents of the thoracic cavity. The thoracic was provides mechanical function of breathing. Their connection with the sternum is indirect: the oating(vertebral, free) ribs are the 11th and 12th ribs. Typical ribs have a head that has two facets for articulation with vertebrae, neck, tubercle that has one articular area for articulation with vertebra, and a shaft. The sternum consists of three parts: the manubrium, body, and xiphoid process. It lies at the level of the bodies of t3-t10 vertebrae. It articulates with the calvicals and pairs of costal cartilages of the 1st-7th ribs. The jugular notch, sternal angle, and xiphoid process are palpable and are the important landmarks. In the mature adult the pelvic skeleton is formed by four bones:
