BIO 1130 Lecture Notes - Lecture 26: Carl Linnaeus, World War Ii, Brassicaceae

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Speciation- it is the definition of a species. Issue: we use it has a main identifier, 1. 13 million that have been named to date. Recent estimates unnamed : 8. 79 billion species that (cid:449)e do(cid:374)"t k(cid:374)o(cid:449) (cid:455)et: species make up population. They make the fundamental unit: gives us a measure of diversity. Evolution is made of up species: variation within the species, ranges in colour, shape, metabolism will have theaffects on the species. They are changing components of alleles and the frequencies of alleles within the population. Natual selection: we have a conceptthat we accept species have certain characteristic. Wikepedia: 10-12 differetn concepts of what a species is. How do we define a species? (cid:862)i(cid:374)te(cid:396)(cid:271)(cid:396)eedi(cid:374)g populatio(cid:374) of o(cid:396)ga(cid:374)is(cid:373)s, (cid:449)he(cid:374) populatio(cid:374)s do(cid:374)"t i(cid:374)te(cid:396)(cid:271)(cid:396)eed the(cid:455) a(cid:396)e of a diffe(cid:396)e(cid:374)t spe(cid:272)ies(cid:863) hs: they are isloted from eachother. e. x. Elephant they are so morphologically different that they (cid:272)an"t (cid:271)e related to eachother. Use the linneaun taxonomic scheme to put them into different categories.

Related Questions

Q1. What is the founder effect?

Sampling error that occurs during the establishment of a newpopulation by a small number of migrants.

Strong natural selection acting on the founders of a newpopulation because the environment they are now living in is sodifferent from the environment they came from.

A phenomenon named after William Founder, who observed that toppredators generally have low genetic diversity.

Rapid population growth following a bottleneck.

Q2. The effects of genetic drift are more pronounced in largerpopulations.

True

False

Q3. Inbreeding tends to increase the proportion of homozygousindividuals in a population (i.e. individuals that have two copiesof the same allele).

True

False

Q4. The effective size of a population is:

The size of an idealized randomly-mating population that is notunder selection and has the same heterozygosity as the actualpopulation.

The size of an idealized randomly-mating population that has thesame heterozygosity as the actual population, but does not loseheterozygosity over time.

The size of an idealized randomly-mating population losinghomozygosity at the same rate as the actual population.

The size of an idealized randomly-mating population losingheterozygosity at the same rate as the actual population.

Q5. Which of the following tends to reduce the effective size ofa population?

Check all that apply:

Increasing the population size.

A biased sex ratio.

Non-random mating.

Q6. If gametes from a gene pool combine randomly to make only asmall number of zygotes, the allele frequencies among the zygotesmay be different than they were in the gene pool because:

The effects of natural selection are more pronounced in smallpopulations.

The effects of genetic drift over several generations are morepronounced with small numbers of gametes.

The effects of differences in frequencies for different allelesare more pronounced with small numbers of zygotes.

The effects of sampling error are more pronounced with smallsamples.

Q7. Genetic drift is different from natural selectionbecause:

In natural selection allele frequencies change because somealleles confer higher fitness, whereas in genetic drift allelefrequencies change because of chance sampling error.

Natural selection acts primarily in large populations, whereasgenetic drift acts primarily in small ones.

Natural selection is a mechanism of evolution, whereas geneticdrift is an outcome of evolution.

Natural selection tends to cause rapid evolution, whereasgenetic drift tends to cause slow evolution.

Q8. Imagine a population evolving by genetic drift in which thefrequency of allele K is 0.65. What is the probability that at somepoint in the future allele K will drift to a frequency of 1?

Q9. A dwindling population of 1000 frogs occupies an isolatedwatershed in Costa Rica. To help preserve the species, scientistscaught 20 frogs to start a new population in a nearby watershed.This species has a gene that affects eye shape. The 1000-memberwild population has two alleles for this gene: R and r, withfrequencies 0.7 and 0.3, respectively. What will be the allelefrequencies of R and r in the 20-member founder population?

The frequencies will be 0.7 for R and 0.3 for r.

The frequencies will be 1.0 for R and 0 for r.

The expected frequencies are 0.7 for R and 0.3 for r. The actualfrequencies could be different.

The founder populations's allele frequencies will necessarily bedifferent than the source population's frequencies.

Q10. For a population containing 90 females and 10 males, whatis the effective population size, N_e ?

chocolateplatypus914

It's a quiz for my life science class.

QUESTION 1

Organisms that have descended from the same initial group and have the ability to interbreed belong to the same

	A.	species.
	B.	family.
	C.	class.
	D.	genus.
	E.	order.

5 points

QUESTION 2

The simplest entity that exhibits all of the properties of life is called a(n)

	A.	molecule.
	B.	cell.
	C.	organism.
	D.	tissue.

5 points

QUESTION 3

In populations, adaptation usually arises through

	A.	responsiveness.
	B.	heredity.
	C.	metabolism.
	D.	natural selection.
	E.	development.

5 points

QUESTION 4

Scientists have found that ancient fossils

	A.	are less similar to present-day organisms than more recent fossils.
	B.	are just as similar to present-day organisms as more recent fossils.
	C.	are more similar to present-day organisms than more recent fossils.
	D.	are very similar to present-day organisms.
	E.	bear no resemblance to present-day organisms.

5 points

QUESTION 5

What is the term that describes the study of the relationship between living things and components of their environment?

	A.	herpetology
	B.	analogy
	C.	zoology
	D.	ecology
	E.	ichnology

5 points

QUESTION 6

Characteristics usually associated with life include all of the following except:

	A.	motility.
	B.	a high degree of organization.
	C.	lack of change from generation to generation.
	D.	reproduction.
	E.	responsiveness to stimuli.

5 points

QUESTION 7

The scientific name for the black-footed ferret is Mustela nigripes. The name Mustela indicates the _____________________ to which the organisms belongs.

	A.	phylum
	B.	class
	C.	family
	D.	species
	E.	genus

5 points

QUESTION 8

Which of the following is considered to be the most basic living unit?

	A.	organ system
	B.	molecule
	C.	organelle
	D.	cell
	E.	tissue

5 points

QUESTION 9

Which of the following concepts best describes the wide variety of dog species we observe, ranging from the domesticated golden retriever or the basset hound, to the wild dogs of Africa, to foxes?

	A.	preadaptation
	B.	special creation
	C.	inheritance of acquired characteristics.
	D.	taxonomy
	E.	evolution

5 points

QUESTION 10

If an ecologist is studying the cycling of carbon through a particular environment (which involes the movement of carbon through living things as well as through rock, air, and water), the scientist is studying at what level of ecology?

	A.	organismal
	B.	community
	C.	ecosystem
	D.	population
	E.	biosphere

5 points

QUESTION 11

Which list is organized from smallest to largest level of organization of life?

	A.	organisms, organ systems, organs, tissues, cells, organelles
	B.	organelles, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, organisms
	C.	organelles, tissues, cells, organ systems, organs, organisms
	D.	tissues, cells, organelles, organs, organ systems, organisms
	E.	cells, tissues, organ systems, organelles, organs, organisms

5 points

QUESTION 12

When examining the hierarchy of life, which of the following terms is most inclusive?

	A.	biosphere
	B.	population
	C.	species
	D.	ecosystem

5 points

QUESTION 13

The units of inheritance are

	A.	evolutions.
	B.	heredities.
	C.	genes
	D.	twins.
	E.	metabolic activities.

5 points

QUESTION 14

Organisms that undergo asexual reproduction

	A.	require another organism to reproduce.
	B.	are usually very complex.
	C.	produce offspring that are different from each other.
	D.	do not require energy to reproduce.
	E.	produce offspring that are identical to each other and to the parent.

5 points

QUESTION 15

All the living organisms in a particular area at a particular time make up a

	A.	biosphere.
	B.	community.
	C.	biosystem.
	D.	population.
	E.	ecosystem.

5 points

QUESTION 16

The first step in the scientific method is to

	A.	identify a problem.
	B.	predict the results of an experiment.
	C.	propose a solution.
	D.	draw a conclusion.
	E.	perform an experiment.

5 points

QUESTION 17

Young multicelled organisms usually start out small, then grow in size, and increase in complexity. This process is called:

	A.	heredity.
	B.	metabolism.
	C.	development.
	D.	evolution.
	E.	heredity.

5 points

QUESTION 18

To maintain order within their cells and organs, all living things must

	A.	carry on metabolism.
	B.	reproduce.
	C.	constantly change.
	D.	be able to move.
	E.	extract energy from sunlight.

5 points

QUESTION 19

Which of the following includes Highest levels of hierarchy?

	A.	family
	B.	phylum
	C.	domain
	D.	kingdom
	E.	order

5 points

QUESTION 20

Fungi are classified into which domain?

	A.	Archaea
	B.	Eukarya
	C.	Bacteria
	D.	Fungi

erinhare264

QuestionGroup: #31 Evolution

Assigned as

Homework

Which of the below statements is NOT TRUE about human evolution?

While the total number of species that existed and the relationships among hominids is still unknown, some of the extinct hominids known today, however, are almost certainly direct ancestors of Homo sapiens.

Human evolution follows the mechanisms of natural selection.

Humans evolved from biological processes that are different from the processes that caused the development of other life forms on earth.

Many of the hominid species are close relatives, but not human ancestors.

Most hominids went extinct without giving rise to other species.

Unanswered

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QuestionGroup: #32 Evolution2

Assigned as

Homework

______________ explains the process by which traits helpful in survival and reproduction become progressively more common in a population over the course of many generations.

Secondary metabolism

Darwinian theory of evolution

Evolutionary arms race

Biodiversity

Lemarkian theory of evolution

Unanswered

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QuestionGroup: #33 Natural selection

Assigned as

Homework

Which of the following is considered to be "the most fit "from an evolutionary perspective?

a tiger who cares for his cubs, two of who live to adulthood.

a tiger who has a harem of many tigresses and one cub.

a tiger who is successful at capturing prey but has no cubs.

a tiger who has many cubs, twelve of which live to adulthood and they subsequently have cubs of their own.

a tiger who overcomes a new disease and lives to have four cubs.

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QuestionGroup: #34 Natural selection 2

Assigned as

Homework

Which of the following is NOT a process of artificial selection?

(1),(2)

(1),(2),(3)

(1) Variation of traits within individuals

(2) Variation in some inheritable traits

(3) Breeders select animals with favorable traits

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QuestionGroup: #35 Evolution & us

Assigned as

Homework

For bipedal movement in primates to occur, which anatomical changes had to take place?

The spine had to have a characteristic single curve

Thigh bone slopes outward from the hip to knee, placing feet under the center of gravity

The surfaces of the joints in legs and between vertebrae are enlarged

All of these are true regarding upright bipedal movement

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QuestionGroup: #36 Evolution & us2

Assigned as

Homework

Neanderthal hominoids had which of the following characteristics?

To make art

Ability to speak

Ability to speak, make art, and were bipedal

Bipedalism

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QuestionGroup: #37 CNS

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Homework

Increasing the amplitude of a sound wave does what to the sound?

increases the amplitude

increases the decibels

Increases the harmonics

Increases the volume

Increases the pitch

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QuestionGroup: #38 CNS2

Assigned as

Homework

Juan Manuel Marquez delivered a knockout punch to Manny Pacquiao. Manny cannot remember events that happened before the knock-out. What is this an example of?

Alzheimer's disease

Anterograde amnesia

Psychogenic amnesia

Retrograde amnesia

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QuestionGroup: #39 PNS

Assigned as

Homework

The receptor hair cells in the cochlea respond to the frequency and amplitude of sound. Which group of receptors are most sensitive to sound?

Only those receptors that we normally do not use

Those that respond to low frequencies

Receptors respond equally to all frequencies.

Those that respond to high frequencies

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QuestionGroup: #40 Smooth/skeletal

Assigned as

Homework

During skeletal muscle contraction where does ATP function?

Forms the cross bridges

Attaches to myosin

Causes the thick filaments to form thin filaments

Attaches to actin

BIO 1130 Lecture Notes - Lecture 26: Carl Linnaeus, World War Ii, Brassicaceae

BIO 1130 Full Course Notes

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