BIO 1140 Lecture Notes - Lecture 5: Adenylyl Cyclase, Signal Transduction, Guanylyl Cyclase

34 views11 pages

taupeleopard323

23 Jan 2018

School

University of Ottawa

Department

Biology

Course

BIO 1140

Professor

Caroline Petit- Turcotte

For unlimited access to Class Notes, a Class+ subscription is required.

Document Summary

Outer membrane, inner membrane, inter membrane and cristae. F1f0atpase- can go into both directions, can use and produce atp. Glucose into pyruvate acid for that is able to go within the mitochondria and power 1f0atpase. Through techniques called centrifugation and with a microscope. Centrifugation- where things are located within a cell. Cristae is the foldings in the inner mitochondrial layer that increase the surface area. Glycolysis (cytosol)- 2atp, 2nadh, 2 pyruvate and h2o. Pyruvate (matrix)- co2, nadh and results in acetyl coa. Kreb cycle (matrix)- 6 co2, 2atp, 6nadh, 2fadh. Name some of the metabolic function of the mitochondria. To make nadh and fadh which would create a proton gradient during oxidative phosphorylation which is what runs the a0a1atpase (atp synthesis). Importance of chloroplasts and compare it with the mitochondria. Atp synthesis in mitochondria vs chloroplasts- compare and contrast. Requires oxygen vs requires co2 to go on. The atp synthase in mitochondria and chloroplast are orientated differently.

Related Questions

Living systems can be studied by way of the scientific method which involves which of the following?

Using only deductive reasoning and not inductive reasoning

Using few subjects, but repeating the experiments and using controls

Using few subjects, but repeating the experiments

Using many subjects, but doing no statistical analysis

Using many subjects but having no controls

Which of the following molecules has the least amount of energy that you can use for intense physical exercise?

A chemically specifically designed to signal uncontrolled cell growth

Water since it promotes all chemical reactions

Lipids

Carbohydrates

Protein

Nicotine produced in plants can be lethal to insects in that it causes a paralysis. Where does nicotine have its effect?

Nicotine receptors located in the nucleus of the cell

Nicotine receptors on the plasma membrane of brain cells

Nicotine receptors in the golgi bodies of neurons

Nicotine receptors on the mitochondria of brain cells

The aqueous (water) space between cells is which of the following?

Blood

Interstitial

Extracellular

Intracellular

All of these answers are correct

A hypo-osmotic solution can be defined as which of the following?

A solution separated from another by way of semipermeable membrane in which the hyposmotic solution has less electrolyes and more water than the other solution

A solution separated from another by way of semipermeable membrane in which the hyperosmotic solution has less electrolyes and more water than the other solution

A solution that is equal in concentration compared to another

A solution that is less concentrated relative to another

A solution that is more concentrated relative to another

Lactic acid in your muscles is the byproduct of which metabolic pathway?

Glycolysis

Electron Transport System

Krebs cycle

Glycolysis and oxygen

Which of the following best describes the process of glycolysis?

A series of chemical reactions in the mitochondria that breakdown or catabolize glucose to produce ATP without oxygen

A series of chemical reactions that breakdown or catabolize protein to produce lactic acid in the presence of oxygen

A series of chemical reactions in the muscle cytoplasm that breaksdown or catabolize glucose to produce ATP without oxygen

A series of chemical reactions that produce enzymes

During oxidative phosphorylation, which of the following is phosphorylated with the assistance of ATP synthase?

Cytochromes

ADP

ATP

NADH

Hydrogen ions

In all animals who use oxidative phorphorylation to generate ATP, the ultimate electron acceptor is directly transported to all cells by way of which of the following?

Hemoglobin

Red blood cells

Water (H2O)

Lungs

After NADH is reduced at the Electron Transport system, the hydrogen ion subsequently does which of the following?

Activates ATPsynthase

Activates Krebs cycle

Activates chemiosmosis

Oxidizes ATP

Reduces ATP

Which of the following has to exist for ATP synthase to be activated to directly produce ATP?

An oxygen gradient

A neutron gradient

An electron gradient

A proton gradient

All of these answers are correct

Which of the following occurs when oxyhemoglobin reaches the capillaries of heart muscle?

Releases oxygen which leaves the capillary and diffuses into the cell

Absorbs oxygen from the mitochondria

Releases its oxygen which diffuses from the mitochondria to the capillary

Releases its oxygen which diffuses from the capillary to the nucleus

i need help with this homwork please choose the correct answers and just be claer to read and understand for the slect the apply qusestions too and it is important i realy need the right answers so please be claer not write randomly i really need the correct answers to study for my test so hop you can help me

Question 1

What is the smallest cell you could find?

Question 2

TEMs appear as 3D images

True

False

Question 3

Bacteria are what cell type? Write one word as the answer in lowercase and using no syntax.

Flag this Question

Question 42 pts

ALL eukaryotic cells have which of the following. Click all that apply.

membrane enclosed cell organelles

mitochondria

Question 5

Prokaryotes and eukaryotes both have which if the following cellular components. Click all that apply.

Question 6

I am made of one 60s and one 40s subunit, which organelle am I?

protein

lipid

bacterial ribosome

Question 9

The difference between the rough and smooth ER is

the rough produces lipids where as the smooth does not

the rough has many folds and convolutions where as the smooth does not

the rough has ribosome embedded and the smooth does not

the rough is closer to the cell membrane whereas the smooth is closer to the nucleus

Question 10

The site where many lipids, including cell membrane is produced.

Question 11

Name the organelle: In muscle cells in particular, I would increase in number and size in response to frequent exercise

Question 12

In animal cells, glucose would be mobilized from its storage molecule (glycogen) in this part of the cell.

Question 13

Which of these is associated with the rough ER

production of carbohydrates

production of steroid hormones

production of ATP

production of proteins that are secreted from the cell

Question 14

Which organelle sorts, modifies and stores substances produced on the rough ER. Write two words as the answer in lower case separated by a space.

Question 15

Which organelle is responsible for ATP production. Write one word in the singular as the answer.

Question 16

You inherit all of your mitochondria from your

father

half from your mother and half from your father

your siblings

mother

Question 17

An organelle that contains chlorophyll

Question 18

Microtubules have a variety of roles, which of the options below is NOT one of them?

separate chromosomes

cilia and flagellum movement

tracks for organelle movement

constrict the cell during cell division

Question 19

Made of tubulin subunits

microfilaments

chromosomes

intermediate filaments

microtubules

Question 20

Name the part of the cytoskeleton that is made of two twisted rods of actin. Write one word as the answer in lower case.

Question 21

Which part of the cytoskeleton is made of the same protein as your hair and nails?

microfilaments

microtubules

Intermediate filaments

Question 22

The extracellular matrix is found outside of, but attached to the cell membrane?

True

False

Question 23

Which of the options below is an important function of the extra cellular matrix?

connecting cells together

regulate the movement of substances into and out of the cell

helping cells divide into two cells

keeping the cell in a fixed and ridged shape

Question 24

Which part of the cell wall has a high pectin content?

Question 25

Plants have mitochondria, chloroplasts, a cell wall, and nuclei.

True

False

Question 27

What accounts for 40% of the protein in our bodies?

Question 28

Animal cells have cell walls

True

false

1. Name two similarities and two differences between thecellular processes of importing

protein into the ER and importing protein to the nucleus.

2. What proteins are directly involved in the transportation ofcargo in a clathrin-coated

vesicle?

a. Dynamin

b. Adaptins

c. Cargo receptors

d. t SNARES

3. Suppose a cell was treated with colchiine, a drug causingmicrotubule disassembly.

What would happen within the cell? Why?

Suppose there were a genetic defect in the genes that code forkinesins and dyneins.

What would happen within the cell? Why?

4. Which of the following are true about microtubules?

a. They are utilized by the disease causing bacteriaLysteria.

b. Instability in the minus-end of the microtubule is caused bythe hydrolization of GTP.

c. Centrosomes contain binding sites for microtubules composed atype of tubulin ring.

d. Cellular concentrations of tubulin are above the criticalconcentration for plus-end

polymerization.

e. Motor proteins can attach organelles to the microtubules.

5. Indicate which of the following statements are false:

a. Membrane fusion is energetically unfavorable and thusrequires ATP or similar high

energy molecule to occur

b. Clathrin is responsible for capturing specific molecules fortransport in coated vesicle

structures.

c. Receptor proteins that are incorporated into an endosome canbe retrieved back to the

membrane domain it originated from; can return to a new domainof the membrane; or

can enter the lysosome for digestion.

d. Transport vesicles occasionally bud from the trans Golginetwork to fuse with the

plasma membrane in a process called constitutive exocytosis.

e. Most components of the endocytic vesicle membrane eventuallyare returned to the

plasma membrane for reuse.

6. Match the following organelles with their function:

Organelle Bank:

a. Mitochondria

b. Endoplasmic reticulum

c. Nucleus

d. Lysosome

e. Endosome

f. Peroxisome

g. Golgi apparatus

_____ quality control of mRNA

_____ location of oxidative phosphorylation

_____ responsible for detoxifying organic molecules (livercells)

_____ houses and protects genetic material

_____ responsible for modification and sorting of proteins andlipids

_____ location of ATP synthesis

_____ responsible for sorting endocytosed materials

_____ site of degradation and digestion

_____ responsible for oxidizing toxic molecules

_____ location of lipid synthesis

_____ location of hormone synthesis (adrenal cells)

B. Which organelle(s) from the above list communicate(s) withother organelle(s)

through the use of vesicular transport? ________________

C. Which organelle(s) from the above list receive proteins madein the

cytosol?___________________

D. Through which organelle(s) must proteins pass to reach theorganelle(s) which do not

receive proteins made exclusively in thecytosol?______________

E. Entrance into which organelle(s) requires that proteinsunfold and snake through the

membrane? _________________

F. How do organelles maintain their position in the cytosol? Bespecific.

G. Give 2 advantages that eukaryotic cells gain by havingorganelles.

7. Which of the following statements are true regardingactin?

a. They are arranged in a

crimsonwalrus870

BIO 1140 Lecture Notes - Lecture 5: Adenylyl Cyclase, Signal Transduction, Guanylyl Cyclase

Document Summary

Get access

Related textbook solutions

Molecular Cell Biology

Biology: Science for Life with Physiology

Biology

Concepts of Biology

Essentials of Biology

Related Documents

BIO 1140 Lecture 9: Biology Lecture 9

BIO 1140 Lecture Notes - Lecture 9: Oxidative Phosphorylation, Acetyl-Coa, Electrochemical Gradient

BIO 1140 Chapter Notes - Chapter 6: Cytoskeleton, Ubiquitin, Phospholipid Scramblase

Related Questions