BIO 3122 Lecture Notes - Lecture 5: Paraphyly, Polytomy, Polyphyly
23 Jan 2018
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Phylogenetics: currently existing lineages start to be recognizable during the early cambrian, early cambrian = 542-511 mya, chordates first appear 515 mya. 3: only a fraction of ediacaran fauna share traits with existing lineages, almost all extinct within 40 million years, most existing lineages are found in the fossil record during the cambrian period. Transition form ocean to land a major event in evolution: prokaryotes colonized the terrestrial envt first. Fossils date to 2. 6bya: terrestrial animals, plants, fungi, appeared much later. First terrestrial plant and fungal life: oldest terrestrial plant fossils are 475 myo. Large forest ecosystems within 100 million years: associated with plants. Invertebrate tracks date to 480 mya: probably relatives of insects and spiders, not clear whether they lived on land permanently, oldest fossil of fully terrestrial animal dates to 428 mya. First terrestrial vertebrates: oldest tracks date to 390 mya, oldest fossils of tetrapods date to 370 mya.
