BCH 2333 Lecture Notes - Lecture 18: Intron, Prokaryote, Exonuclease

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erinpug43

16 Dec 2017

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Nb: reverse transcription is possible from rna to dna by reverse transcriptase, but is fairly rare (ex. Couples nucleotide triphosphates (ntps) (atp, ctp, gtp, utp) to make rna. (rna)n residues + ntp > (rna)n+1 residues + p2o74- Releases the phosphate group - very stable leaving group, can interact with cations like mg2+ Nucleotides are added to the free 3" oh group. Uses high energy phosphates at 5" end of ntp. Dna is read 3" to 5" and mrna is built 5" to 3". Nucleotides are selected by watson-crick base pairing with the dna template strand. Resulting mrna will be complimentary to the template strand (3" to 5") and will be identical to the coding strand (5" to 3" strand) except it will have u instead of t. As transcription moves along the dna, it forms a transcription bubble (~14 bp that aren"t paired), which is a site where the rna is synthesized.

Related Questions

Question 1

What type of bonding underlies base-pairing between DNA and RNA nucleotides?

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Question 2

Which of the following is NOT needed for DNA replication?

primer

helicase

promoter

dATP, dGTP, dTTP, dCTP

Mg+

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Question 3

Which of following can exhibit stem-loop structures?

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Question 4

Which of the following is NOT needed for transcription?

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Question 5

What role does DNA polymerase play in the central dogma?

DNA replication

DNA strand separation

Transcription

Reverse transcription

Translation

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Question 6

Where are mRNAâs synthesized in eukaryotes?

BIOCHEM QUESTIONS:

Question 1) (1.5 points) True or false: The initial native DNA is usually in an overwound state, making the initial strand separation during replication energetically favorable, with continued strand separation at the replication fork resulting in underwound DNA that is then fixed by DNA gyrase.

Question 2) (1.5 points) True or false: UV based DNA damage largely causes dimerization of C and T bases that are fixed by the NER DNA repair pathway.

Question 3) (1.5 points) True or false: There is no enzyme within humans that has a reverse transcriptase activity.

Question 4) (1.5 points) True or false: One reason why uracil is not observed in DNA is that deamination of cytosine would result in Uracil and therefore potentially changing a GC base bp to an AT bp after a couple of rounds of replication.

Question #5: (1 point) Which of these statements is correct about the RNA polymerase? a) It makes tRNA, mRNA and rRNA b) It uses an RNA template c) It uses ATP, CTP, GTP and TTP d) It requires a primer

Question #6: (1 point) RNA polymerase grows the RNA chain in the 3â to 5â direction. a) True b) False

Question #7: (1 point) The mRNA is copied from the template strand. The mRNA has the exact same nucleotide sequence of the non-template strand except for U instead of T. a) True b) False

Question #8: (1 point) Only a limited portion of the DNA strand is copied by RNA polymerase, and there are initiation and termination signals for transcription. a) True b) False

Question #9: (1 point) The hairpin loop is the only way to conduct transcription termination in Prokaryotes. a) True b) False

pinkkangaroo550

Which type of RNA is unique to eukaryotes?

		mRNA
		rRNA
		tRNA
		snRNA
		Its a trick, all cells have all four types of RNA.

1 points

QUESTION 2

The region of DNA to which RNA polymerase binds to initiate transcription is the:

		origin
		promoter
		enhancer
		none of the above are correct

1 points

QUESTION 3

Holoenzyme:

		is RNA polymerase core enzyme.
		is sigma factor.
		is core plus sigma factor.
		none of the above are correct.

1 points

QUESTION 4

Which of these is formed FIRST when RNA polymerase binds to a promoter?

		The closed promoter complex
		The open promoter complex
		A rho-independent terminator
		none of the above are correct.

1 points

QUESTION 5

A hairpin loop followed by a run of Us:

		is the sequence formed in the sense strand of a gene using a rho-independent terminator.
		is the sequence recognized by the rho protein.
		is the structure formed in RNA that causes rho-independent termination.
		is formed immediately after the open promoter complex is formed.

1 points

QUESTION 6

RNA polymerase:

		reads the template strand of the DNA in the 3' to 5' direction.
		synthesizes the RNA in the 5' to 3' direction.
		can begin transcription without a primer.
		all of the above are correct.

1 points

QUESTION 7

Which of the following statements is FALSE?

		Bacteria like E. coli have only one type of sigma factor.
		RNA polymerase has no proofreading activity.
		The promoter of a gene is upstream of the RNA-coding region.
		Bacterial transcriptional terminators are copied into RNA to cause termination.

1 points

QUESTION 8

If the template strand of a gene has the sequence 5' ATGCGAT 3', then:

		the RNA produced will have the sequence 5' AUGCGAU 3'.
		the RNA produced will have the sequence 5' UAGCGUA 3'.
		the RNA produced will have the sequence 5' AUCGCAU 3'.
		None of the above are correct.

1 points

QUESTION 9

The sense strand:

		is the lagging strand
		is also the template strand.
		always goes left to right.
		none of the above are correct.

1 points

QUESTION 10

Which of these is transcribed but not translated?

		mRNA
		tRNA
		rRNA
		all of the above
		tRNA and rRNA are transcribed but not translated.

please help i am a bit confused

BCH 2333 Lecture Notes - Lecture 18: Intron, Prokaryote, Exonuclease

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