BIO 1140 Lecture Notes - Membrane Protein, Microtubule, G Protein–Coupled Receptor
Document Summary
Activated by signalling molecules released by nerves. Nerve releases a signalling molecules nd the bind to a ligand binding domain on the channel protein which allows it to open or close. When acetylcholine binds to its ligand binding domain causes the channel to open which allows ions to pass through it and activates the muscle. Each kinase when its activated is able to activate many molecules in the next step. Ability to amplify the signal-take a single molecule and activate a large cellular response because the cascade amplifies the effect: these pathways can be shut down by taking the phosphate groups of the kinases. Phosphotases (enzyme)-remove phosphate groups and are always present in the cell and searching for phosphate groups to attach to adp to make atp. Many regulate cell growth and mitosis proliferation of cells (how many cells we get) Turns on through intermediate step a ras (protein)
