BPS 1101 Lecture Notes - Jean Nicot

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peargoldfish669

2 Mar 2012

School

University of Ottawa

Department

Biopharmaceutical sciences

Course

BPS 1101

Professor

William Ogilvie

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Document Summary

The number one risk factor associated with stroke is tobacco smoke! Theory that tobacco comes from the shipment to spain from the island tobago asthma was tobacco! Estimated that 6 billion deaths/year, more specifically in third world countries where as much as 70% people smoke. Tobacco is the most dangerous substance in the world. Tobacco is basically linked to all forms of death listed above. In fact, 1/3 of all cancer deaths are associated with. Tobacco kills 420, 000 per year in north america. Natives drank smoke from tobbagos (name of tobacco for the natives colombus saw on his trip to the caribbean) He used it as an herbal medicine in fact, one of the first treatments of. Tobacco was used to revive drowning victims. Smoking a long time ago was expensive and unpleasant (tobacco was very harsh because of the acids in it). People consumed tobacco primarily using a pipe with a long stem.

Related Questions

We know that smoking tobacco cigarettes is associatedwith increased mortality, especially due to cardiovascular problemsand cancers. Compare this situation to what we (and donât know)about the dangers of marijuana smoke.

cerisealligator236

CASE ONE

The study is conducted to investigate the association betweenchewing tobacco and oral leukoplakia (a precancerous lesion) amongcurrently active professional baseball players in the southeasternUnited States. A roster of all active players is obtained (n=500).All potential study subjects agree to participate. Each subject hasan interview regarding current use of chewing tobacco and has hismouth examined by a dentist. Of the 500 subjects, 125 subjects chewtobacco and 375 do not chew tobacco. Of the chewers, 25 haveevidence of oral leukoplakia. Of the non-chewers, 15 have evidenceof oral leukoplakia. All 500 players were followed for a period of5 years. Of those who had evidence of oral leukoplakia, 18 died ofsome type of oral cancer.

Draw a 2 x 2 table demonstrating the relationship betweenchewing tobacco and oral leukoplakia. In drawing this table, putthe exposure variable on the columns and the health outcomevariable on the rows.
Draw a second 2 x 2 table demonstrating the relationshipbetween chewing tobacco and oral leukoplakia, but this time, putthe exposure variable on the rows and the health outcome variableon the columns.
Using the table drawn in part a, compute the prevalence ratioand the prevalence odds ratio of oral leukoplakia for chewerscompared to non-chewers. Are these two estimates close toone-another? Why are these prevalence measures and not incidencemeasures?
Using the table drawn in part b, compute the prevalence ratioand the prevalence odds ratio of oral leukoplakia for chewerscompared to non-chewers. Are these estimates equal to theircorresponding estimates computed using the table drawn in part a?Explain.
Ignoring the issue of statistical inference and the control ofother variables, what do these results say about the relationshipbetween chewing tobacco and the presence of oral leukoplakia?
Calculate the case-fatality rate (actually, a risk) in thisstudy. Why is this a measure of risk?
Based on the information provided, why canât you evaluatewhether tobacco chewers have a higher case-fatality risk thannon-chewers?

yellowcheetah313

Please, help me answer the following questions on Chronic Diseases and Risks. No guess work, thank you!

QUESTION 1 Chronic diseases generally have several underlying characteristics, including a. A long latency period between exposure to risk and disease outcomes b. Low degree of preventability c. High curve rate d. None of the above

QUESTION 2 Which of the following risk factors collectively explain a significant proportion (not incidence) of most chronic diseases? a. Tobacco, alcohol, diet

b. Tobacco, alcohol, diet, physical activity c. Alcohol, physical activity d. Tobacco, diet, physical activity

QUESTION 3 Adherence to treatment is influenced by several interacting dimensions including a. Social and economic factors b. Healthcare system factors c. Condition-related factors

d. Therapy-related factors e. Patient related factors f. All of the above

QUESTION 4 _________ is the leading cause of cancer in both developed and developing countries worldwide a. Radiation exposure b. Tobacco use c. Pesticide exposure d. Air pollution QUESTION 5 This week's YouTube video on treating non-communicable diseases in Rwanda showed how a community health worker helps to treat heart disease, diabetes and _______ a. Cancer b. Asthma c. Hepatitis d. HIV/AIDS

QUESTION 6 Which of these are myths of chronic disease control a. Benefits of chronic disease control accrue not only to the individual but also to the population b. Economic growth improves all health conditions c. Chronic diseases are associated with low SES/poverty d. Chronic disease only occurs in the elderly e. a and c f. b and d

QUESTION 7 ___________ remains the leading cause of death among both men and women in low- and middle-income countries a. Cancer b. Cardiovascular disease c. Diabetes d. Obesity e. Respiratory disease

QUESTION 8 Chronic disease in adults accounts for approximately 60% of all deaths worldwide. True False

QUESTION 9 The WHO's Innovative Care for Chronic Conditions Framework includes a positive policy environment True False

QUESTION 10 It is estimated that the overall number of cancer cases will rise by 50% in the next 20 years. True False

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BPS 1101 Lecture Notes - Jean Nicot

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