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CHM 2123 Lecture Notes - Lecture 4: Polystyrene, Bond Energy, Vulcanization

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coralarmadillo931

2 Nov 2015

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University of Ottawa

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Course

Professor

Katherine Mc Gilvray

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Document Summary

The purpose of this experiment was to study the different methods of forming polymers and to understand the reaction of radicals. Polymers are macromolecules that are formed from smaller molecules called monomers, which bind together with a covalent bond. In this experiment, students studied the formation of synthetic polymers, such as polystyrene-maleic anhydride (psma), polyacrylamide (pam), nylon 6,6, and. These types of polymers are meant to improve the comforts of life, whereas natural polymers are meant for the basics of life. Synthetic polymers can be further classified by the method by which they are formed; chain-growth or step-growth. Chain-growth polymers are often also called addition polymers, which react by chain reaction, forming a growth of a polymer. In order for this type of reaction to proceed, first an initiator must be used to form a radical. For the purpose of this experiment, benzoyl peroxide was used as the initiator.

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Related Questions

Show transcribed image text REPORT FORM: SYNTHETIC POLYMERS Polystyrene Record your observations after the cooled solution is poured into methanol. Describe the solid you collect. Describe the fibers formed from the melted polystyrene. Nylon Describe what occurs at the interface between the two solutions. Describe the rope formed by pulling polymer out from the liquid/liquid interface.
Describe the polymer formed by vigorously stirring the remaining solutions together. Describe the fibers formed from the melted nylon polymer Questions 1. In the formation of polystyrene, hundreds of individual styrene monomers come together to form a polymer, as shown below (only a very small fragment of the polymer is shown; imagine the chain extending in each direction by hundreds of subunits): many What monomers would be used to make each of the following polymers? Cl Ci Cl Cl
139 2. The growth of a polymer involves the stepwise addition of individual monomers to the growing chain. In the first reaction below, one electron from the carbon-carbon double bond combines with the unpaired electron on the radical species to form a new single bond, but one electron is left over to form a new radical species. What will be the structure after another monomer subunit is added? 3. In the formation of a polymer, the number of individual subunits that make up the chain has an effect on the properties of the polymer formed. You made nylon polymers in two different ways, by slowly drawing out a rope and by vigorously stirring the two solutions. Which nylon polymer has longer chains?
140 4. In this lab, you specifically formed nylon 6-6, as shown below (only a very small fragment of the polymer is shown; imagine the chain extending in each direction by hundreds of subunits). Cl many What is the byproduct of this process? Nearly 5.5 million tons of nylon are formed industrially each year. If the above process were used, what potential environmental hazard must be considered?
141 There are many different nylons in addition to the nylon 6-6 you synthesized. The properties of these nylons despend on the monomers used in their formation. What monomers would be used for the synthesis of the nylons shown below (again, only a small fragment of each is shown)?

Please answer all the questions

11/3 11/4 4 (a) What is an a-amino acid? (b) How do amino acids react to form proteins? Vinyl chloride is industrially important because it is the monomer from which the polymer, poly(vinyl chlonide (PVC) is obtained. Explain what s meant by monomer and polymer and name the process by which a monomer is converted to a polymer Wite an equation to represent the conversion of vinyl chloride to PVC 5 Write a chemical equation for the formation of alanylserine from the constituent amino acids 10. Polypeptides and proteins are important biological examples of condensation polymers. Draw in 2-D, two repeating units of the polypeptide formed only from the amino acid, glycine: NH CH-CO,H 6 Wha t amino acids would be obtained by hydrolysis of the following tripeptide? H2NCHCNHCH CNHCHCOH 11. Nylon is a polyamide-type of polymer often derived from the reaction between two different monomers 1,6-diaminohexane, HN(CHzuNH, and hexane 1,6-dioic acid HOC(CH2)aCO2H. (CHj)2 ?? ????? ?? (a) Identify electrophilic and nucleophilic sites in each of the reactant molecules and then indicate which atoms are likely to react with each other Given that one water molecule is eliminated for each reaction between two monomer molecules give a part structure of the polymer comprising three monomer units Polymers 7. What is the difference between a monomer and a polymer? (b) 8. Clearly define: (a) addition polymers (b) condensation polymers 9 Chloroethene (rinyl chloride) CHa CHCI, is an important industrial organic chemical. In industry it is produced by two different reaction sequences. (a) One reaction sequence involves reaction between ethene (ethylene) and chlorine, followed by strong heating of the reaction product. Write equations to represent these two reactions and classify each reaction as either substitution, addition or elimination. (b) The other reaction uses ethyne (acetylene) as the organic starting material. Write an equation to represent the reaction by which ethyne can be converted to vinyl chloride

Show transcribed image text 11/3 11/4 4 (a) What is an a-amino acid? (b) How do amino acids react to form proteins? Vinyl chloride is industrially important because it is the monomer from which the polymer, poly(vinyl chlonide (PVC) is obtained. Explain what s meant by monomer and polymer and name the process by which a monomer is converted to a polymer Wite an equation to represent the conversion of vinyl chloride to PVC 5 Write a chemical equation for the formation of alanylserine from the constituent amino acids 10. Polypeptides and proteins are important biological examples of condensation polymers. Draw in 2-D, two repeating units of the polypeptide formed only from the amino acid, glycine: NH CH-CO,H 6 Wha t amino acids would be obtained by hydrolysis of the following tripeptide? H2NCHCNHCH CNHCHCOH 11. Nylon is a polyamide-type of polymer often derived from the reaction between two different monomers 1,6-diaminohexane, HN(CHzuNH, and hexane 1,6-dioic acid HOC(CH2)aCO2H. (CHj)2 ?? ????? ?? (a) Identify electrophilic and nucleophilic sites in each of the reactant molecules and then indicate which atoms are likely to react with each other Given that one water molecule is eliminated for each reaction between two monomer molecules give a part structure of the polymer comprising three monomer units Polymers 7. What is the difference between a monomer and a polymer? (b) 8. Clearly define: (a) addition polymers (b) condensation polymers 9 Chloroethene (rinyl chloride) CHa CHCI, is an important industrial organic chemical. In industry it is produced by two different reaction sequences. (a) One reaction sequence involves reaction between ethene (ethylene) and chlorine, followed by strong heating of the reaction product. Write equations to represent these two reactions and classify each reaction as either substitution, addition or elimination. (b) The other reaction uses ethyne (acetylene) as the organic starting material. Write an equation to represent the reaction by which ethyne can be converted to vinyl chloride