Julia Quast
CRM 1301 C
March 31 , 2017
Psychological Positivism
Sigmund Freud – 1856 to 1939
Father of Psycho Analysis – Freud’s “baby”
The Case of Ana O:
- 21 year’s old
- nursing sick father
- developed cough – no basis
- became mute; when she talked again she only spoke English (native tongue is German)
- father died; refused food
- involuntary spasm, seeing things, paralysis
- no physical causes
- called Functional Disorder (speaking, paralysis) – no underlying causes
- functional v. organic – underlying factors
- when talking about memories became distressed
- talking helped symptoms disappear
- event mute, eating disorder = correlation
- root event, emotional attachment to it, talked about it, was released from it
- functional disorders = repressing events into subconscious
- psychoanalysis = talking cure
Freud adopted the idea of the unconscious:
There are 3 levels
1. Conscious
- Top of the iceberg
- What we are aware of
- Present thoughts, fantasies
2. Pre-conscious
- Shallow water
- Available memory
- Stored knowledge
- Unaware in present, but readily available
3. Unconscious
- Most important
- deepest, largest
- Unaware, but impacts our conscious
- Cannot retrieve via ordinary retrieval
- Need help to get it to conscious level
- Motives, fears, irrational, immoral, trauma, shameful Theory of Personality: Presented in Chronological Order
The Id: Pleasure Principle
- Primitive
- Entirely conscious
- Our will to live, desires, urges, impulses
- Feels good
- Immediate satisfaction
- Max. pleasure, min. pain
- No sense of reality
- Babies (age)
The Ego: Reality Principle
- Worldly interaction
- Part of conscious
- Rational, problem solving
- Delayed gratification
- Understanding
- Ego must mediate between Id and Super ego
- 2-3 years
The Super-Ego:
- Primarily unconscious in its operation
- Contain consciousness within morals, etc.
- Develops when a child forms a parental attachment
- Right v. wrong
- Internalized ego- conscience
- Devil = Id, angel = Super-Ego
Key Assumptions of Psychoanalytical Theory:
- What is psychic determinism? The expression of the [subconscious] mind
- Freudian slip = when you say one thing, but your unconscious reveals what you’re really
thinking
How do we reveal our subconscious?
- Free association: saying the first thing on our minds without hesitation
- The Talking Cure
- Couch therapy: sharing whatever is on your mind in a comfortable environment
- Dream
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