CRM 1300 Lecture Notes - Lecture 1: Thorsten Sellin, Conflict Theories, Upper Class

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ceruleanmouse805

26 Feb 2016

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The role of norms: prescriptions and expectations are two kinds of norms created by the society. Norms include formal and informal rules of the society: prescriptions are formal rules laid down by society. It might not be written down but it says what the people of the society should do: expectations are what we anticipate people what they will do, violation of expectation is more clearly seen than violation of prescription. The role of setting: the setting is all important but it is difficult to define borders. It would be much harder to decide what is right and what is not because of its different in many cultures. Judging crime according to the economic costs: to reduce it, so that the most expensive crimes could be reduced, the transfer of goods by theft could be damaging to an individual but not a society.

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So what are the ethics involved with using numbers to make our point even when we know things could be seen differently if we presented it a bit differently? Remember, morals are what we know about right and wrong as individuals, ethics is the systems of formal and informal rules society adopts for the application of morals. (Example, most of us would agree that killing a human is morally wrong, however, the ethical system says it is okay to kill in self-defense, war, and some other situations.)

Yi really wants a car but her credit is pretty poor and she doesn't make much money. Both of those make a new car impossible for her. Instead, she finds a used car seller who offers credit to anyone and a no down payment deal. She knows that they are charging more for the car she wants than what she would pay if she bought it with cash from someone selling their own car but she can get credit. The deal sounds really good. The car is being sold for $9,995 with no money down. Unfortunately, her interest rate is going to be 18% for the five years she has the loan. By law, all of this has to be in the loan document but the salesperson will focus on the no money down, easy credit, and the $9,995 car is much cheaper than what she could get new.

Yet, just with simple interest calculations, Yi's monthly payment will be $253.81 and her total cost for the car will be $15,228.60.

If she simply saved that same payment for four months and put $1,000 down, she would likely qualify for a lower interest rate and could either get a lower monthly payment ($186.72) or she could buy a $13,000 car for the same monthly payment.

Is there a difference between what you're willing to present as ethical to a consumer versus what you would consider ethical if a salesperson did it to you? At what point do you feel unfairly manipulated by numbers? How much should we trust number-based evidence? How do we know we are being manipulated fairly or unfairly?

The primary costs of FDI to host countries are:

		Loss of sovereignty and patriotism
		Adverse effects on competition and exports
		Capital outflow
		Loss of sovereignty, adverse effects on competition, and capital outflow

____ suggests that FDI, unrestricted by government intervention, will enable countries to tap into their absolute or comparative advantage by specializing in the production of certain goods or services.

		The radical view
		The free market view
		Pragmatic nationalism
		Expropriation

What are the benefits of FDI to home countries?

		Repatriated earnings from profits from FDI.
		Increased exports of components and services to host countries.
		Learning via FDI from operations abroad.
		All of these answers

When one firm enters a foreign country through FDI, its rivals are likely to follow by undertaking additional FDI in a host country to:

		Create knowledge spillover
		Discover a new market for its goods
		Overcome and combat market failure through FDI
		Acquire location advantages or neutralize the first moverâs location advantages

Most countries practice:

		Pragmatic nationalism
		Free market based FDI
		Government embracing radical view
		French patriotism

FDI may be viewed as a reflection of firm motivation to extend firm-specific capabilities abroad and their responses to overcome imperfections and failures.

		True
		False

Most countries practice a totally "free market" view.

		True
		False

8. Outsourcing is the process of turning over an organizational activity to an outside supplier, located in a foreign country, which will perform it on behalf of the local firm.

		True
		False

Financial, physical, and technological resources and capabilities are all tangible assets.

		True
		False

A firm's resources and capabilities are tangible assets a firm uses to choose and implement its strategies.

		True
		False

An example of low power distance would be when subordinates address their bosses on a first-name basis.

		True
		False

Benchmarking is an assessment as to whether a firm has resources and capabilities to perform a particular activity in a manner superior to competitors.

		True
		False

A country with low-masculinity has a more subtle differentiation between the gender roles.

		True
		False

Setting up subsidiaries abroad so the work can be performed in-house but in the foreign location is also called captive sourcing.

		True
		False

Managers in low uncertainty avoidance countries rely more on experience and training than managers in high uncertainty avoidance countries who rely more on rules.

		True
		False

Informal institutions include laws, regulations, and rules.

		True
		False

The United States is often classified as a collective society.

		True
		False

A pure market economy characterized by the "invisible hand" of market forces is noted by

		John Stuart Mill
		Adam Smith
		Aristotle
		Amatya Zen

Culture is defined in the text as:

		The communication between members of similar location.
		The collective programming of the mind, which distinguishes the members of one group or category of people from another.
		The main component of formal institutions.
		The attitudes and behaviors characteristic of a particular social group or organization.

When an expat employee returns to her or his current employer but the employer does not provide attractive opportunities, she/he often may be hired by a competitor firm. Why?

		Competitor firms are also interested in globalizing their business.
		Former expats bring instant expertise and experience.
		Competing firms will pay a higher premium for expertise.
		All of these answers

The government taking a "hands-off approach" is known as:

		Laissez faire
		Command economy
		Mixed economy
		Liberal approach

Expatriate managers make ideal candidates for top management positions.

		True
		False

____ are defined as rights associated with the ownership of intellectual property.

		Patents
		Copyrights
		Trademarks
		Intellectual property rights

In a collective society:

		Family units are highly valued.
		Being an entrepreneur is a popular mindset
		Being different than your neighbor is important.
		Outsiders are easily trusted.

Which of the following definitions best defines an expatriate manager?

		A manager who works outside his or her native country
		A manager of great expertise
		An ex-manager rehired for advisory purposes
		None of these answers

Three-Dollar Chicken: The Ethical Dilemma of the Food Pantry Black Market By Albert SamahaWednesday, June 19, 2013

"How much? How much?" asks a reporter in a checkered button-down and a pair of Air Jordans. He's pointing at a box of Rice Krispies cereal.

The elderly Chinese woman in the blue fleece picks up a plastic bag with two cereal boxes and says, holding up three fingers, "Three dollars! Three dollars!" She stands in a row beside eight other elderly Chinese women, behind a bus stop on Market Street near the corner of Seventh. All of them have paper bags and plastic bags and metal carts at their feet, all filled with food: Juice cartons, bags of coffee, packaged pretzel bites, and a bunch of other items.

"Nah, I don't need two. Just one.One dollar? One dollar?" counters the reporter. But the woman pushes the bag into his chest. The woman next to her in a green visor, sensing the opportunity, steps between the bartering pair holding a single box of cereal. "One dollar! One dollar!" she says.

The reporter furrows his brow, in deep thought. "You got that in chocolate?" he asks.

The underground food bazaar is in full swing. It's 1 p.m. and the lunchtime crowd bustles by. Several people stop to peruse the selection. No better food deal in the city. It's cheap because the women got most of the goods at food pantries around the city. So a dollar for a box of cereal is a dollar of profit.

The people who run the food pantries are certainly aware of this. While the majority of the tens of thousands of San Franciscans who receive the charitable goods take the food straight to their refrigerators, cupboards, and dining tables, there are others who instead take the food to Market Street. This creates a complex ethical dilemma, of course. On one hand, the sellers are exploiting the charity to turn a profit. But, then again, the sellers who benefit from this underground market, low-income immigrants who barely speak English, are the exact demographic the pantries are trying to help.

"It's a question for people to ask themselves about what they think a gift means," says Sara Miles, a spokesperson for St. Gregory's food pantry service. "If I gave you a gift, is it yours to do with what you want?"

The food pantries' range of sentiments illustrates the complexities of the dilemma. As Amy Jones, a spokesperson for Fill Up America, says, "All we can do on our end is try to do the most good we can for people in San Francisco. And if they're choosing to sell the food for whatever reason, that's between them and their conscience." Blaine Johnson, of San Francisco Food Bank, is less ambivalent. "The majority of our donations come from individual people. Their intention is that we feed people, not that we enable folks to have a side business to resell our food."

Miles, however, appreciates the impulses that created the underground charity food market. "It's not as if the reason people are hungry is that the food bank doesn't have enough food," she says. "I don't think that this is a problem. I think the problem is that it's impossible for poor people to live in San Francisco."

Some food pantries give out fliers discouraging the reselling of the goods. Some try to identify the offenders, warning them to stop before they are prohibited from the handouts. But the market lives on.

And as the reporter turns down the $1 cereal, he immediately encounters more offers. "Chicken!" says a woman in a white jacket, pointing to a whole, raw chicken wrapped in plastic at her feet.

"Chicken?" says the man. "How old? How old? Week old?"

"No, no," the woman replies. "This morning!This morning!"

"So it's been laying out here in the sun all day?"

The woman chuckles."Three dollars."

A police officer on a bike rolls past, carefully maneuvering around the crowd of buyers before accelerating up the sidewalk. He barely glances at the scene. What the women are doing is definitely illegal peddling without a permit, a violation of municipal code 869. And when police dole out citations to them, the officers confiscate the goods and re-donate them to the pantries. But enforcement, says SFPD officer Albie Esparza, is based on complaints, which are rare and usually stem from nearby business owners. "If there are no calls for service," he says, "we respond to more serious crimes in progress."

The underground food bazaar, after all, operates on a block littered with peddlers without a permit. This is Mid-Market, home to the city's vibrant outlaw bazaar. A dozen feet from the women, a man hawks old VHS tapes and beat-up ball caps on a picnic blanket. An older woman sells bootlegged DVDs. A middle-aged man offers discounted jewelry. Another man sells bus transfer passes. Another cigarettes. And then there's the pack of young men at the corner of Market and Jones Street slanging weed. The women with bags of food are hustlers on a block full of hustlers. Capitalists seizing the chance to improve their lot.

After the reporter passes on the chicken, the woman in the green visor waves him over. She pulls from her bag a bottle of Sierra Nevada beer. The reporter's eyes, naturally, widen, and he smiles. Food pantries don't serve beer. "Two dollars!" says the woman. The reporter peeks in her bag and sees a second bottle. "Two dollars for both!" he says. "Two fifty," the woman counters. And he nods.

The woman drops the bottles into a red plastic bag and hands it to the man. She doesn't charge 10 cents. The reporter gives her three dollar bills. But as she fishes for the change, he points to a container of apple juice and says, "I'll take the apple juice and you keep that." The woman nods vigorously.

Suddenly there is a shout. "She took my food! She took my food!" One of the elderly women has become frantic. Several witnesses eagerly announce what happened: A "community ambassador," working for a local economic development agency to help monitor Market Street, snagged a juice container from the lady's cart.

"You shouldn't be selling this!" the ambassador, a young woman, says to her. "This isn't right!" The crowd, drawn to the spectacle and expanding by the second, begins to choose sides. "They shouldn't be doing that," a middle-aged woman whispers to the man beside her. "What is this, a police state?" another voice exclaims.

The buzz of debate grows louder the ambassador justifying her action, the seller repeating, "She took my food," and the bystanders trying to sort out the philosophical conflict until a pair of police officers, walking their beat, arrives at the scene. They speak to the woman (in either Cantonese or Mandarin), then address her peers. The crowd watches as the women pack their goods into carts and file away, around the corner of Seventh Street, out of sight. Source: http://www.sfweekly.com/sanfrancisco/three-dollar-chicken-the-ethical-dilemma-of-the-food-pantry-black-market/Content?oid=2826417

Answer all questions.

1. What are the relevant facts? (10 marks)

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CRM 1300 Lecture Notes - Lecture 1: Thorsten Sellin, Conflict Theories, Upper Class

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