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CRM 1301 Lecture : Class 7a - The Emergence of Positivism.docx

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skytoad178
16 Mar 2012
School
University of Ottawa
Department
Criminology
Course
CRM 1301
Professor
Carolyn Gordon

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Document Summary

Theological: the age of the monarchy, religion, ideas explained by god. Metaphysical: the age of reason and law, things begin to be explained with reason. Positive: move away from asking how and begin to ask why. Objective: heavy reliance on observation and the scientific method. The positive school developed in the second half of the nineteenth century, rooted in the natural sciences, advances in bio, chem. etc. Referring to a method of analysis that is based on the collection of observable scientific facts (scientific method). A framework that shares a set of assumptions. 3 strains: biological positivism (genes, born this way), psychological positivism (subconscious, insanity) and sociological positivism (class inequality, upbringing within family) Reliance on the scientific method: demand for facts and scientific truth. Determinism: factors beyond the persons controlled, determined for them. Hard: the belief that the individual had no choice in a situation completely at the work of the external forces.

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Related Questions

List and explain each step of the scientific method. Give anexample of an observation that can be evaluated by the scientificmethod and use the method to explain the observation.

2. Which of the following statements accurately describe the relationship between science and technology?
  ⬤ Technology and science are the same thing, and achieve the same goals.
  ⬤ The knowledge gained from science helps humans develop technology.
  ⬤ Improvements in technology can allow for better scientific observations.
  ⬤ Science and technology both use the scientific method answer questions.
  ⬤ Technology allows scientists to avoid using the scientific method.

The scientific method is the backbone of every science experiment, but it's not just for scientists. Most people unconsciously use the scientific method on a daily basis, for example, when performing tasks like cooking or budgeting. In order to help you to better understand the scientific method and the process used, I would like you to give an example of something you have done recently in which you used the scientific method.

In your main post, please trace each step (given below), and don't forget to include your hypothesis and whether you accepted/rejected it at the end.

Steps of the Scientific Method:
1) Make an observation
2) Ask a question
3) Do background research
4) Form a hypothesis
5) Conduct an experiment
6) Analyze your data
7) Make a conclusion --> Do you accept or reject your hypothesis?