FEM 2109 Lecture Notes - Lecture 11: Traditional Birth Attendant, Exogamy, Feticide

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FEM2109
March 15 2016
Demography of India
-sex ratio refers to the number of females per 1000 male births
-sex ratio at the national level: 940:1000
-rural sex ratio: 947:1000
-urban sex ratio: 926:1000
-South Asia is predominantly made up of males
-East Asian has also been highly male dominated recently
-average sex ratio: 104:106
-recent estimate: China and India account for 80% of missing women in the world
-missing women in East Asia:
-non-reporting of female births in China
-denies their social existence
-abandonment o out-adoption of girls
-female infanticide
-sex selective abortions
-missing women in India
-female infanticide/feticide
-hyper-gamy: marrying with social sub groups higher than their own
-dowry practice for acquiring economic benet
-increasing landlessness and poverty (family did not have enough to support the daughter)
-low awareness and education
-pre-identication of sex with technological advancement
-juvenile sex ratio in India:
-excess female child morality (during childhood)
-higher masculine juvenile ratio (0:4) leads to higher female mortality rate (5:9)
-less favourable life chances for women in North and Northeastern region as compared to
the South
-north has less literary, more farmers, etc
-south has more market opportunities
-Northern cultural and demographic zone: higher fertility, higher mortality, higher masculine
sex ratio, low status of women
-dowry, seclusion of women
-tendency to kill the baby once its born
-female demographic disadvantage in the context of development
-economic factors such as low access to land ownership, green revolution displaced
women’s labour, low availability of non-farming opportunities, low access to higher
education
-cultural factors such as patrilineal and patrilocal, exogamous marriage, kinship systems,
dowry practices and hyper-gamy (women follow men’s families), used as a commodity to
work in her husband’s house
-socioeconomic base of female mortality disadvantage:
-lower female survivorship with higher conventional development indicators (technology
advancements)
-greater female empowerment among the tribal and scheduled cast
-relation between education and female child mortality
-education often domesticates women rather than liberates them??
-relation between caste and female child mortality
-family’s effort to acquire land or other economic advantages through kinship or marriage
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Document Summary

Sex ratio refers to the number of females per 1000 male births. Sex ratio at the national level: 940:1000. South asia is predominantly made up of males. East asian has also been highly male dominated recently. Recent estimate: china and india account for 80% of missing women in the world. Hyper-gamy: marrying with social sub groups higher than their own. Increasing landlessness and poverty (family did not have enough to support the daughter) Higher masculine juvenile ratio (0:4) leads to higher female mortality rate (5:9) Less favourable life chances for women in north and northeastern region as compared to the south. North has less literary, more farmers, etc. Northern cultural and demographic zone: higher fertility, higher mortality, higher masculine sex ratio, low status of women. Tendency to kill the baby once its born. Female demographic disadvantage in the context of development.

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