GEO 1111 Lecture Notes - Lecture 5: Metamorphic Rock, Granulite, Metasomatism
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Metamorphic rocks: they start as another type of rock and transform (change physically and chemically) via heat and pressure. The parent rock can either be igneous, sedimentary or another existing metamorphic rock. Examples: anthracite, quartz, marble, slate, granulite, gneiss and schist. Foliated rocks: the result of differential stress (heat and pressure) that deforms minerals by elongating them and pushing them together, giving the rock a layered appearance. Non-foliated rocks: the result of high levels of heat and confining pressure (low pressure in all directions). Contact metamorphism: happens close to igneous intrusions and areas containing hot water. Caused by intense heat and moderate pressure, it creates mostly non-foliated rocks. Regional metamorphism: happens in large areas like mountains. Because of high pressure, small mineral crystals come together to form bigger ones. Mineral crystals transform into new ones that are more stable under heat and pressure.