HSS 1100 Lecture 8: Lecture 5
6 Jun 2018
School
Department
Course
Professor
Microbiology and Immunology
Notes: Lecture 5
Prof: F. Pagotto
➢ Gram Positive Bacilli
o Thick peptidoglycan layer
o Stain purple because of peptidoglycan layer
o 2 a hierate sporeforer ad 2 aot
o Spores offer bacteria protection, resistant to drying, UV, sanitizers, metabolically
inactive, good mechanism to survive
o 2 gram positive rods that produce spores are bacillus and clostridium
➢ Bacillus anthracis (spore)
o Aerobic
o Capsule made of protein
o Good to prevent WBC from attaching
o Most of the time exposed to spore through contact with soil and farm animals
o Produces exotoxin
o 2 plasmids
▪ exotoxin on plasmid pxo1 found in the respiratory tract
• encodes 3 separate proteins cause problems when all 3 together
(vaccinate against 1 protects all)
▪ Pxo2 encodes capsule gene made out of protein
o Need both plasmids for virulence
➢ Bacillus cerus (spore)
o Aerobic
o Causes food poisoning
o 2 Enterotoxin
▪ Stable
▪ Sensitive to heat
o Atiiotis ot useful eause it’s a prefored toi
➢ Clostridium (spore)
o Anaerobic
o Powerful exotoxin
➢ Clostridium botulium (spore)
o Anaerobic
o Neurotoxin blocks Ach causes muscle paralysis
o Starts from top then goes to the bottom
o Treat with antitoxin, antibody that binds to neurotoxin
➢ Infant botulism
o Spores colonize intestines and cause trouble swallowing and muscle weakness
o Honey is contaminated with spores even when pasteurized
➢ Good uses for botulinum neurotoxin
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Document Summary
Bacillus cerus (spore: aerobic, causes food poisoning, 2 enterotoxin, stable, sensitive to heat, a(cid:374)ti(cid:271)ioti(cid:272)s (cid:374)ot useful (cid:271)e(cid:272)ause it"s a prefor(cid:373)ed to(cid:454)i(cid:374) Clostridium botulium (spore: anaerobic, neurotoxin blocks ach causes muscle paralysis, starts from top then goes to the bottom, treat with antitoxin, antibody that binds to neurotoxin. Infant botulism: spores colonize intestines and cause trouble swallowing and muscle weakness, honey is contaminated with spores even when pasteurized. Good uses for botulinum neurotoxin: botox = type a, treats eye muscle disorders (chronic blinking and misaligned eyes, excessive sweating, chronic pain. Clostridium perfringens (spore: anaerobic, causes gangrene and seen in soldiers. Infection that leads to necrotic skin: caused by trauma, exotoxin starts to attack and its fatal, treat with o2 due to it being anaerobic. Listeria monocytogenes: grows in refrigeration, fou(cid:374)d i(cid:374) soft (cid:272)heeses, u(cid:374)pasteurized (cid:373)ilk , able to cross 3 protective barriers, able to treat, 20-30% mortality rate.
