HSS 3305 Lecture Notes - Lecture 18: Glut2, Prediabetes, Erectile Dysfunction
8 Dec 2016
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Document Summary
Several hundred thousand clusters of cells islets of langerhans. Gamma cells, which secrete a polypeptide of unknown function. Blood glucose levels balanced by two hormones. Hyperglycemia (high blood glucose) typical feature of diabetes mellitus (types 1 and 2) As food is digested glucose enters the bloodstream insulin is released glucose taken up to muscle, liver, and fat. Diabetic patients have high blood glucose. Type 1 diabetes: beta cells in the pancreas not working and no sufficient insulin release. Produce insulin required for glucose homeostasis. Contain glut2 transporters which transport glucose from blood into beta cells. Glucose triggers intracellular events which result in insulin secretion. Trigger for insulin secretion from beta cells: rising level of circulating glucose ( blood sugar ) Post-translational modification removed c-peptide for full activation of hormone. Binds insulin receptor: transmembrane protein receptor expressed by responding cells (liver, skeletal muscle, fat cells). Mediate entry of glucose into beta cells of the pancreas.
