HSS 3305 Lecture Notes - Lecture 19: Brown Adipose Tissue, Central Nervous System, Leptin Receptor
25 Mar 2019
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Document Summary
Adipose tissue - loose ct composed of adipocytes. Inhibits activity of neurons that contain neuropeptide y (npy) and agouti-related peptide (agrp: npy neurons stimulate feeding. Increases the activity of neurons expressing a-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (a-msh: a-msh neurons mediate satiety. Adiposity signal and pathogenicity: to date, only leptin and insulin fulfill the criteria of an adiposity signal: It circulates at levels proportional to body fat. It enters the central nervous system (cns) in proportion to its plasma concentration. Leptin deficiency in humans: small number of reported cases of human homozygous mutation for leptin, phenotype severely obese; uncontrolled, unsatisfied hunger/appetite. Saturation of leptin transport: paradigm: obesity with high leptin but same phenotype as leptin deficiency, answer: leptin resistance or leptin insufficiency. Estrogen receptors (er: endogenous ligand: 17 -estradiol, two receptors: er and er each encoded by a separate genes, generally located in the cytoplasm and shuttle between nucleus and cytoplasm, two ers are co-expressed in many cell types.
