NSG 3105 Lecture Notes - Lecture 7: Disneymania 2, Diabetes Mellitus Type 2, Diabetic Ketoacidosis

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At least 2 questions per topic, including musculoskeletal system. 1st midterm up to neuro, 2nd midterm from neuro until endocrine. Diabetes: chronic multisystem disease related to abnormal insulin production, impaired insulin utilization, or both. Group of metabolic diseases in which there are high blood sugar levels over a prolonged period. s/s include high blood sugar including urination, increased thirst, increased hunger polyphagia, polydipsia, polyuria. Theories link cause to single/combination of factors genetic, autoimmune, environmental. Insulin: produced by beta cells in the islets of langerhans in the pancreas. Secreted into bloodstream when blood glucose levels rise (eg. from eating). Insulin attaches to cell, acts as a key to a lock, and allows glucose to enter the cell. Insulin will lower blood glucose and facilitate normal, stable glucose ranges (4-6mmol/l). In the body there are counter- regulatory hormones that oppose the effects of insulin: glucagon, gh, cortisol. Steroids to decrease swelling (glucocorticoids) will increase glucose.

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