NSG 2317 Lecture Notes - Lecture 19: Suprasternal Notch, External Intercostal Muscles, Cervical Vertebrae

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Anterior thoracic landmarks: suprasternal notch, sternum, sternal angle, costal angle. Posterior thoracic landmarks: vertebra prominens, spinous processes, inferior border or scapula, twelfth rib. Mediastinum: contains esophagus, trachea, heart, great vessels. Lobes of the lungs: anterior, posterior, lateral. Trachea and bronchial tree: location of trachea and bronchi, dead space, function of acinus. Lungs are divided into lobes: right lung 3 lobes, left lung 2 lobes. Primary muscles of respiration: diaphragm divides chest from abdomen, external intercostal muscles, accessory muscles. Four functions of respiratory system: control of respiration, changing chest size during respiration, inspiration, expiration. Four major functions of the respiratory system: supple o2 for energy production, remove co2, waste product of energy reactions, homeostasis, acid-base balance of arterial blood, heat exchange. Respiration maintains ph (acid-base balance) of the blood by supplying o2 and eliminating co2. Normal range values of arterial blood gases: ph = 7. 35 7. 45, paco2 = 35-45 mmhg, pao2 = 80-100 mmhg, sao2 = 94%-98%

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